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Management of deep infiltrative endometriosis (DIE) causing gynecological morbidity: A urologist's perspective
Published in Seema Chopra, Endometriosis, 2020
Aditya Prakash Sharma, Girdhar Singh Bora
Ultrasonography (USG) is the first modality used in evaluation of BE. USG characterizes the location of endometriotic nodules, determines the size of nodules, can estimate the distance between the lesion and ureteric orifice, and can also be used to differentiate these nodules from a malignant lesion (Figure 10.1a) [44]. BE is seen as a filling defect located most commonly on the posterior wall and protruding into the lumen in a full bladder. The nodules vary in shape. They may appear regular with a spherical or comma-shaped outline or they may be irregular, raising a suspicion of malignancy. The lesions are iso/hypoechoic and lack a vascular core much more consistent with a vascular tumor. However, a major distinguishing feature remains the location of BE nodules, which are usually submucosal in contrast to the mucosal lesions in malignancy of the urinary bladder. The malignant lesions on the other hand will show papillary projections causing an interruption in the layers of the bladder wall. Color or power Doppler shows internal blood flow which is minimal compared with a malignant lesion in patients with BE (Figure 10.1b) [44].
Is this capillary malformation? Differential diagnosis and other dermal vascular lesions
Published in Byung-Boong Lee, Peter Gloviczki, Francine Blei, Jovan N. Markovic, Vascular Malformations, 2019
This vascular tumor can appear as a flat vascular patch and be confused with a CM. Tufted angioma can result in a consumption coagulopathy termed Kasabach–Merritt syndrome that may require emergency treatment. Tissue biopsy will be required to make the diagnosis.4
Angiosarcoma
Published in Dongyou Liu, Tumors and Cancers, 2017
Representing 2% of sarcomas, angiosarcoma is a rare, aggressive, vascular tumor commonly found in the skin and soft tissue. The estimated incidence of angiosarcoma in the United States is 2 cases per 1 million, with a mean age of 65 years at diagnosis, and a slight male predilection. In addition, a small number of angiosarcoma cases involve neonates and toddlers.
The rare adult vocal cord hemangioma: A case report
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica Case Reports, 2023
Shih-Wei Wang, Chih-Hung Lin, Ning-Chia Chang
Vascular anomalies have been classified into two major groups according to International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) system, vascular tumor and vascular malformations. While vascular malformations are not true neoplasms but are localized defects of vascular morphogenesis caused by dysfunction in embryogenesis and vasculogenesis, vascular tumors are characterized by endothelial cell hyperproliferation, typically grow rapidly, and most are not present at birth [1]. Laryngeal hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors of endothelial origin, which commonly being categorized into two types—infantile and adult. The infantile-type is more common, more frequent in girls and mostly founded in the subglottic area [2]. The adult-type is rare, more common in males and usually at supraglottic area. From the point of histology, laryngeal hemangiomas formed mainly by cavernous, capillary, or mixed type [3]. The adult form of laryngeal hemangioma is rare, with only 36 cases reported in the English-language literature since 1979 [1,2,4–17].
Kaposi’s sarcoma management from a plastic surgery perspective
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Selman Taskin, Tugce Yasak, S. Tiber Mentese, Burak Yilmaz, Ozlem Çolak
Kaposi’s sarcoma is a vascular tumor with five different clinical forms. It is seen as a blue-purple macular or nodular lesion in the clinic. It is known that KS has a good prognosis, and regression is observed in lesions when immunosuppressive treatment is discontinued or when AIDS-related KS cases are treated by anti-retroviral agents. These findings have raised suspicions that KS is a reactive inflammatory process secondary to infection rather than a true tumoral formation (16). Studies on KS cell cultures, however, have supported that the idea that these lesions are true neoplasms. There are three main components in tumor proliferation: inflammation, angiogenesis, and spindle cell proliferation. Red-purple-colored lesions specific to KS are formed as a result of significant angiogenesis. Since pericytes and smooth muscle structures in mature blood vessels are not found in neoplastic vessels of KS lesions, shape change and increased permeability are observed in the vessels. The extravasation of intravascular fluid and cells causes edema and hemorrhage in clinical practice (3,17). A limited number of studies have been focused on the dermoscopic features and dermatopathologic correlations of KS. According to an example of recent studies on that topic, a number of new dermoscopic findings like white lines, collarette sign, serpentine and coiled vessels have been described that correlate with pathology of the KS lesions (18).
Diagnosis of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma eight days postpartum: Is there a link with pregnancy? A case report and review of the literature
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2022
Nicky Somers, David Creytens, Simon Van Belle, Gwen Sys, Lore Lapeire
This malignant vascular tumor can occur in all age groups, even though it is rare in children and the elderly. It is more common in women than in men at a 3:1 to 6:1 ratio (depending on the involved organ) and it affects mostly middle-aged women, with a median onset of disease at the age of 36. Importantly, this female predominance is mostly present in hepatic EHE (HEHE). The overall 5-year survival rate is 73% and usually asymptomatic patients do better. The overall mortality rate is 10–20%, depending on the affected organ, e.g. pulmonary EHE has the highest mortality rate of 65%. Multi-organ involvement, presence of liver lesions, pleural involvement, weight loss, anemia, age over 55 at diagnosis and male sex can be considered as risk factors for poor prognosis. Other risk criteria are large tumor size (>3 cm) and high mitotic index (>3 mitoses/50 high power fields). For HEHE other factors such as oral contraception and liver disease (trauma, primary biliary cirrhosis, viral hepatitis) play a role [1,4–10].