China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
How Often Do You Think About Oral Health as an Essential Part of Wellness and a Healthy Lifestyle?
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Judith Haber, Erin Hartnett, Jessamin Cipollina
The HPV vaccine should be administered between ages 9 and 14. The vaccine produces better immunity to fight infection when given at younger ages compared with older ages. Vaccination for HPV is much more effective at preventing disease and cancer if all doses in the series are administered before someone’s first sexual contact (Table 24.3). The nursing profession has a long history of health promotion advocacy; continuing this vaccine advocacy role with parents and their children on behalf of increasing HPV vaccination rates is essential.
Antiviral Drugs as Tools for Nanomedicine
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Currently, preventative vaccines are being developed using weakened or harmless virus forms to impart and invoke the immune system, which can then recognise and fight with the potential threats. These therapeutic vaccines compel the immune system to attack cancer cells. Four vaccines have been designed to treat or prevent cancer:Sipuleucel-T: The first therapeutic cancer vaccine that received the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for treatment of some forms of prostrate cancer. It uses a patient’s re-engineered cells, which are then injected back into the body to help activate the immune system.Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG): It is widely used as a preventative vaccine for tuberculosis, but also used as a therapeutic vaccine to treat very early stages of bladder cancer.Hepatitis B vaccine (HBV): HBV became the first FDA-approved vaccine to prevent cancer. Children receive the HBV vaccine soon after birth to prevent liver cancer, as recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine: These are the preventive vaccines designed for protection against infections from HPV strains responsible for many cancers.
Order Zurhausenvirales
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
The great contribution of the VLP technique consisted therefore in the fact that the vaccination against HPV was possible since 2006–2007 and the VLP vaccines that protect against HPV16 and HPV18 were approved and recommended by WHO for use in many countries. The numerous clinical trials and postmarketing surveillance have shown that the HPV vaccines were safe and effective in preventing HPV infections, according to the previously cited WHO digest. Therefore, the Papillomaviridae family presented the second, after the family Hepadnaviridae with the recombinant VLP-based hepatitis B vaccine that is described in Chapter 37, successful and world-widely accepted VLP-based vaccine—as reviewed by Schiller and Lowy (2012)—and triggered therefore a huge number of medical investigations, which are not referenced here.
Relation of Personal Characteristics with Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Outcomes: Assessing the Mediating Role of Vaccine Hesitancy Dimensions
Published in International Journal of Sexual Health, 2023
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines effectively prevent HPV infections that cause certain cancers, namely cervical, vulvar, vaginal, anal, oropharyngeal, and penile (Dehlendorff et al., 2021; Lei et al., 2020; NCI, 2022). The effectiveness of HPV vaccines has resulted in the dramatic reduction of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma among women in the United States (U.S.) between 1999 and 2017 (Mix et al., 2021), and similar effects are believed to have occurred in countries with HPV vaccination programs during similar time periods (Dehlendorff et al., 2021; Drolet et al., 2019; Lei et al., 2020). Despite its effectiveness, the rate of HPV vaccination lags behind other vaccines in the U.S. Pingali et al. (2021) found that tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine coverage (≥1 dose) among adolescents was 90.1%, meningococcal conjugate vaccine coverage was 89.3%, and HPV vaccine coverage was 75.1% in 2020. The authors also found that only 58.6% of adolescents were considered up to date on their HPV vaccine doses. These findings suggest that the rate of certain cancers can be further reduced by increasing HPV vaccination coverage, resulting in considerable research interest on the antecedents of HPV vaccine receipt to identify avenues to promote vaccination (Oh et al., 2021; Walling et al., 2016). The current article continues this stream of research.
Global article collection: essential reads from around the world
Published in Journal of Medical Economics, 2022
Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Chia Jie Tan, Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk, Guilherme Silva Julian, Kei Long Cheung, Mickael Hiligsmann, Brian Godman, Sylvia Opanga, Paul A. Scuffham, Michael Gregg
Cervical cancer is a preventable disease. Despite this, the annual incidence globally is projected to increase from 570,000 cases currently to 700,000 by 2030, and most of these will be among young, under-educated women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)9,10. The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine offers the potential to eliminate cervical cancer if made routinely available and used based on recent studies11. This is especially important in LMICs, where the cost of cancer care can be prohibitive, including for biological medicines12. It is for this reason that the recent study of Messoudi et al.10, which assessed the cost-effectiveness of the HPV vaccine in Morocco, is both necessary and impactful to guide future healthcare funding strategies across Africa and wider. As a result, it will help achieve the WHO goal of eliminating cervical cancer as a public health problem9,10.
Is 2045 the best we can do? Mitigating the HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer epidemic
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2022
Ari Schuman, Karen S. Anderson, Andrew T. Day, Jay Ferrell, Erich M. Sturgis, Kristina R. Dahlstrom
The FDA recently approved the HPV vaccine for individuals up to age 45 years and added OPC prevention to the approved indication of the vaccine. Unfortunately, it is estimated that only 20% of women and 3% of men born between 1980 and 1990, and therefore now eligible, will have been vaccinated by 2025 [1]. These rates are similar to the reported 18% of 18- to 44-year-olds that initiated the vaccine series in a recent study [68]. Overall, experts expect that vaccinating up to age 45 regardless of gender will prevent approximately 56,000 cancers [69]. However, barriers exist to vaccination on both the provider and patient sides. A meta-analysis of 29 studies showed a mean acceptability of 50.4 on a 100-point scale for the HPV vaccine among men. The factors that influenced male respondents most in the analyzed studies were increased education and knowledge of risks, the opinion of their partner, and the opinion of their health-care provider [70]. However, a survey of primary care providers showed that only 17% would recommend the HPV vaccine for men between the ages of 26 and 45 [71]. In addition to strong, consistent, and universal recommendation of HPV vaccination for children and adolescents, support of health-care providers for HPV vaccination among adults up to age 45 will also be needed in order to fully mitigate the ongoing HPV-related OPC epidemic and to more quickly realize the full cancer prevention impact of vaccination.