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Breast
Published in Joseph Kovi, Hung Dinh Duong, Frozen Section In Surgical Pathology: An Atlas, 2019
Joseph Kovi, M.D. Hung Dinh Duong
Granular cell tumor is fairly well delineated from the surrounding breast tissue. The tumor is firm or hard, and the cut surface has a white or tan color. Although invasive duct carcinoma is also hard it often shows yellow streaks on the cut surface. From the gross anatomical appearance, granular cell tumor cannot be unequivocally differentiated from invasive duct carcinoma.
Malignant tumors
Published in Archana Singal, Shekhar Neema, Piyush Kumar, Nail Disorders, 2019
Most granular cell tumors derive from modified Schwann cells. Malignant granular cell tumor is exceedingly rare. One subungual case was seen in the right index finger of a 51-year-old woman. It recurred two years after surgery, presented with 2.5 cm diameter erosion. Despite finger amputation, the patient developed metastases and died shortly thereafter.
Neurogenic tumors
Published in Eckart Haneke, Histopathology of the NailOnychopathology, 2017
Granular cell tumors are defined as proliferations of large cells with a characteristic granular cytoplasm. Most derive from modified Schwann cells but other granular cell origins are also known. Malignant granular cell tumor is exceedingly rare. Most cases occur on the extremities. They grow rapidly with local invasion and may ulcerate. Extensive metastases are the rule. One subungual case was seen in the right index finger of a 51-year-old woman. It recurred two years after surgery and was then eroded and 2.5 cm in diameter. Despite finger amputation, the patient developed metastases and died shortly thereafter.91
Expression of TFE3 in Cellular and Myxoid Type of Neurothekeoma: Four Cases in Young Children and Adolescents
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2023
Yin Cheng, Nan Zhang, Zhijuan Deng, Xiaoxing Guan, Jiaosheng Xu, Linlin Qu, Lejian He
The lesions were microscopically consistent on low power, forming non-encapsulating, multi nodular masses with a background collagen stroma. Three cases demonstrated infiltrative boarders (Cases 2, 3, 4). High power magnification showed nests of spindle to epithelioid cells with pale abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm separated by dense fibrous bands (Fig. 1B). Mitotic activity was not observed. The lesion cells showed moderate nuclear atypia in Case 3 (Fig. 1C). Myxoid stroma -compatible with dermal nerve sheath myxoma- was observed in Case 4 (Fig. 1B). In context of the aforementioned histologic findings, Case 3 was misdiagnosed as epithelioid sarcoma vs malignant granular cell tumor by outside pathology.
A Review of the Role of Cytogenetics in the Diagnosis of Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2019
Paula Cortes Barrantes, Frederick A. Jakobiec, Thaddeus P. Dryja
Another tumor to be considered in the differential diagnosis of ARMS is alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS).43 Although it is rare (representing 0.2% to 0.9% of all soft tissue sarcomas), it involves the head and neck region with greatest frequency in children and infants and is most commonly located in the orbit and tongue.44 The cell of origin of the ASPS is as yet unknown. Hypotheses have postulated a relationship to granular cell tumor, renal cell carcinoma, and myogenic tumors, but they have by now been discarded.33 Histopathologically, ASPS displays an organoid pattern subdivided by thin fibrous septa containing fine vascular channels. Similar to ARMS, it can also manifest as a solid variant lacking the alveolar or nested patterns.43,44 Among the features that set these two tumors apart is the greater acidophilic and polygonal cytoplasm of the alveolar soft part sarcoma, which contains distinctive PAS-positive/diastase-resistant crystalloids.42,43 When employing immunohistochemistry for assistance in the differential diagnosis between ASPS and ARMS, the pathologist must take into consideration the fact that ASPS can be positive for skeletal muscle markers such as desmin, muscle-specific actin, myogenin and MyoD1 due to cross-reactivity with an unknown cytoplasmic constituent. Transcription factor E3 (TFE3) and cathepsin K are sensitive markers but not specific for ASPS. ASPS displays an unbalanced translocation, der(17)t(X:17)(p11:q25), resulting in the fusion of the alveolar soft part sarcoma critical region 1 (ASPSCR1) gene at 17q25 with the TFE3 transcription factor E3 gene at Xp11. The presence of this translocation by FISH or RT-PCR is diagnostic of ASPS44 and invaluable in separating it from ARMS.
Non-Neural (S-100 Negative) Bronchial Granular Cell Tumor Causing Acute Respiratory Failure
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2020
Stephanie Y Chen, Arhanti Sadanand, Patrick A Dillon, Mai He, Louis P Dehner, David S Leonard
Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a neoplasm whose cellular origins have ubiquitous anatomic distribution throughout the body from the pituitary stalk, skin, soft tissues and various sites in the respiratory and intestinal tracts [1]. Most GCTs regardless of the presenting location are regarded as neural type because of the expression of S-100 protein [1]. The present case of GCT of the bronchus in a 9-year-old female who presented with acute respiratory failure was challenging in its clinical management, but also unique in that it was S-100 non-reactive with some features to suggest possible alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS).