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Esophageal Cancer
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Jennifer Kahan, Carys Morgan, Kieran Foley, Thomas Crosby
With these approaches and the support of the clinical and scientific community, we are hopeful that significant improvements in the outcomes and experience of patients with esophageal cancer will be possible.
Non-Metastatic Esophageal Cancer with Enlarged Carinal Lymph Nodes with Previous Sleeve Gastrectomy
Published in Savio George Barreto, Shailesh V. Shrikhande, Dilemmas in Abdominal Surgery, 2020
Apurva Ashok, Devayani Niyogi, Sabita Jiwnani, George Karimundackal, C.S. Pramesh
The radiological imaging test recommended to stage esophageal cancer is 18Fluorodeoxy-glucose positron emission tomography combined with CT scan since the accuracy increases to 92% when the two modalities are combined. A contrast-enhanced CT scan may be an alternative initial modality in the absence of positron emission tomography imaging facilities. However, while it is useful in T-stage assessment, it is less accurate for assessing nodal and distant metastases. In patients after bariatric surgery, CT with oral contrast can be used to evaluate distension of the stomach remnant, but mucosal abnormalities and smaller, early lesions would be missed.
Tylosis with Esophageal Cancer
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Tumor Syndromes, 2020
For resectable esophageal cancer, surgery is advised; for non-resectable esophageal cancer, radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy is used. Insertion of a mesh stent may enable the patient to swallow while awaiting treatment or if only palliative treatment is required [35,36].
Hot Tea Drinking and the Risk of Esophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Yulian Zhong, Chao Yang, Niannian Wang, Da Pan, Shaokang Wang, Guiju Sun
Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer in the world and the sixth most common cause of death among cancer patients (1). Global Cancer Statistics 2018 shows that there were 572034 new cases of esophageal cancer and 508585 new deaths worldwide in 2018 (2). The occurrence of esophageal cancer follows a certain geographical distribution law. From northern Iran to central and Northern China, these areas have the highest prevalence, known as “esophageal cancer belt” (3, 4). Studies have shown that smoking, drinking, obesity, and gastroesophageal reflux disease are the risk factors of esophageal cancer (5). Since 1939, when it was first suspected that hot drinks increased the risk of esophageal cancer, more and more studies have shown that hot drinks are significantly associated with the increased risk of esophageal cancer (6). And the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has concluded that there was a positive correlation between high temperature and esophageal cancer, which was classified as “possibly carcinogenic to humans” (7).
Muscular injury was identified the risk factor of post-operative stenosis after large area but non-circumferential esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022
Yanqin Xu, Zhengrong Lin, Shishun Zhong, Wei Liang
The key to improving the survival rate and quality of life of esophageal cancer patients lies in early detection, early diagnosis, and treatment. With the advancement of endoscopic technology, the detection rate of early esophageal cancer and pre-cancerous lesions has greatly increased. Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) is widely used due to its advantages over traditional treatments, including shorter operation time, minor trauma, fast recovery, maintenance of the anatomic structure, and a high curative rate comparable to traditional surgery. However, post-operative stenosis remains a major complication of ESD that occurs with high incidence. Esophageal stenosis is defined when a standard endoscope 9.8 mm in diameter (GIF H260 and Q260J; Olympus) fails to pass through the stenosis [1]. According to previous studies, the incidence of stenosis ranks between 5 and 18% of patients who undergo ESD [2,3]. Circumferential resection has also been regarded as a significant factor for post-operative stenosis according to previous studies [4,5], nearly guaranteeing stenosis. Further, some research has indicated that muscular injury may be a risk factor of post-operative stenosis [6,7], though these studies lack detailed muscular injury classification. In the current study, we first propose a novel classification for evaluating the degree of muscular injury after esophageal ESD and investigate associations between the degree of muscular injury and stenosis. To better analyze the association between muscular injury and stenosis, we excluded the circumferential resection factor.
Advances in chlorin-based photodynamic therapy with nanoparticle delivery system for cancer treatment
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Lin Huang, Sajid Asghar, Ting Zhu, Panting Ye, Ziyi Hu, Zhipeng Chen, Yanyu Xiao
Esophageal cancer is a common gastrointestinal tumor. About 300,000 people die from esophageal cancer every year. The morbidity and mortality rates vary greatly from country to country. The disease incidence in women is higher than men. PDT only destroys cancer cells in the inner layer, or mucosa of the esophagus that can be reached by the light. It can’t be used for esophageal cancer that has spread into deeper layers of the esophagus or to other parts of the body. In clinical settings, laser irradiation is given via an endoscope and cylindrical diffusers near the tumor. The first studies with PDT in the esophagus were done as palliative treatment for obstructive tumors [231]. PDT can be used to treat any Barrett’s esophagus or early esophageal cancer left behind after EMR. PDT may also be offered to people with advanced esophageal cancer. It can relieve pain or make swallowing easier (called palliative PDT) [232]. Porfimer sodium has been approved by FDA to alleviate patients with completely obstructing esophageal cancer, or of patients with partially obstructing esophageal cancer. The recommended PS dose is 2 mg/kg with laser light dose 300 J/cm.