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The Twentieth Century and Beyond
Published in Scott M. Jackson, Skin Disease and the History of Dermatology, 2023
For non-melanoma skin cancer in the nineteenth century and into the twentieth century, the two types known today as BCC and SCC were sometimes referred to without distinction as epithelioma, as they can look very much like one another. What is now called BCC, the Irish ophthalmologist Arthur Jacob (1790–1874) originally named ulcus rodens, “rodent ulcer” in 1827, ending the long run of noli me tangere as the name for skin cancer. Because the tumor had the tendency to present as an ulcer with the appearance of having been formed by a rodent's gnawing, Jacob saw the tumor as distinct from other cancerous lesions of the skin and noted its characteristic appearance: “the edges are elevated, smooth and glossy, with a serpentine outline; and are occasionally formed into a range of small tubercles or elevations.”8 The German Carl Thiersch (1822–1895) penned a seminal treatise on epithelioma in 1865, noting superficial and deep forms and also the epithelial origins of the tumor.9 Although Hebra and Kaposi both dealt with this lesion histopathologically as ulcus rodens, the name BCC is most often attributed to the German pathologist Ödön Krompecher (1870–1926), in whose publication, Der Basalzellenkrebs, “On Basal Cell Cancer,” (1903), the best histopathologic definition of BCC was first found.
Order Sepolyvirales
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
Hamster polyomavirus (HaPV or HaPyV) belongs to the Mesocricetus auratus polyomavirus 1 species. It was originally described in 1967 by Arnold Graffi as a cause of epithelioma in Syrian hamsters M. auratus, as reviewed by Scherneck et al. (2001). The great success of the HaPyV VLP story was achieved due to the Rainer G. Ulrich and Kęstutis Sasnauskas teams.
The skin
Published in Angus Clarke, Alex Murray, Julian Sampson, Harper's Practical Genetic Counselling, 2019
Basal cell naevus syndrome is a dominantly inherited disorder which may be recognised from skeletal abnormalities, especially jaw cysts, before tumours appear. There may be also an increased risk of cerebral tumours. The gene most often involved (there is some locus heterogeneity) is PTCH1 on chromosome 9, a homologue of the Drosophila gene ‘Patched’, involved in cell signalling. Although physically close to the locus for the rare and remarkable familial self-healing epithelioma known principally from western Scotland, the latter condition is known to be caused by mutation in a different gene, TGFBR1. Isolated basal cell tumours are not known to be familial.
Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction mediated miR-492 inhibitor suppresses the tumorigenesis in non-small cell lung cancer
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2021
Wendi Zou, Yan Wang, Qingqing Song, Qianqian Li, Jie Ren, Xiaoyu Liu, Wei Cui
Lung cancer, that is, bronchogenic malignant tumours stemming from airway epithelioma, is the most often diagnosed cancer in the world and the most frequent cause of cancer death [21]. In 2012, approximately 1.6 million people died of lung cancer and it is estimated that the number of lung cancer deaths will increase to 3 million in 2035 [22,23]. NSCLC is the leading cause of malignancy-related mortality worldwide [24]. The discovery of targetable oncogenic mutations gives a more promising therapeutic prospect for the treatment of NSCLC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short (with an average of 22 nucleotides) endogenously initiated noncoding RNAs that have crucial roles in cancer development and progression [12]. Pidíkova et al. [25] reported that expression of miRNA clusters is decreased in colorectal cancer, and they show oncostatic capacity. Wang et al. [26] also published studies on lowly expressed miRNA-339-5p, which suppresses the malignant development of GC by negatively regulating ALKBH1. Kondrotienė et al. [27] revealed that miR-222 serves as a potential marker in distinguishing papillary thyroid carcinoma from nodular goitre in 2020. However, the biological function of miR-492 in NSCLC remains unclear and requires urgent further confirmation.
A rare concurrence of Muir-Torre-associated sebaceous carcinoma in the setting of a lipedematous scalp
Published in Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2020
Allison Shanks, Jake Laun, Amanda Holstein, Saksham Varshney, Jane Messina, Carl Wayne Cruse
The most common sebaceous neoplasms in MTS are sebaceous adenomas, sebaceous epitheliomas, and sebaceous carcinomas with varying reports of frequency. Sebaceous adenomas as the initial presentation for MTS have reported associations from 25% to 60%. Sebaceous carcinomas in patients with MTS have reported frequencies of 36–100%, while sebaceous epithelioma associations range from 31% to 86%. Sebaceous neoplasms are rare among the general population and are the most defining characteristic of MTS. Specifically, sebaceous carcinoma represents less than 1% of all cutaneous malignancies and 17% of all sebaceous neoplasms in the general population [4,11]. Although reports vary, most studies state the average age at diagnosis occurs during the 6th and 7th decades of life, and women are more commonly affected than men, comprising about 70% of patients diagnosed with sebaceous carcinomas [12]. Twenty-three percent of sebaceous carcinomas are associated with MTS and MMR deficiency [11]. Sebaceous carcinoma associated with MTS has proven to be significantly more aggressive than tumors that occur spontaneously. A recent NCI SEER study of 3,299 cases of sebaceous carcinoma found that the 5-year cause-specific survival (mortality due to sebaceous carcinoma) was significantly decreased (from 78.2% to 52.5%) in patients with MTS compared to those with sebaceous carcinoma exclusively [13]. Extraocular sebaceous carcinomas account for one-fourth of all sebaceous carcinomas with about 70% found on the head and scalp due to high concentration of sebaceous glands [4,5,12].
An unusual case of idiopathic calcinosis of the eyelid
Published in Orbit, 2019
Ashlie A. Bernhisel, Brian E. Zaugg, Nick Mamalis, Jonathan J. Dutton, Bhupendra C. K. Patel
Soft tissue calcium deposits are a common clinical finding, which have been classified as dystrophic, metastatic, calciphylaxis, iatrogenic, and idiopathic in nature. There is also calcification that occurs in several dermal diseases of the eyelid including calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe (pilomatrixoma), chalazia, and pilar cysts.1,2 Dystrophic calcification refers to tissue calcification caused by trauma or an underlying medical condition such as CREST syndrome, which causes chronic inflammation and alterations within connective tissue resulting in calcium deposits.3 Metastatic calcification is associated with metabolic disorders that cause elevated blood calcium, phosphorus, or vitamin D levels. Calciphylaxis is small vessel calcification that occurs in end stage renal disease and iatrogenic calcification occurs with use of calcium gluconate or calcium chloride therapy.3