China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Pediatric Oncology
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Stephen Lowis, Rachel Cox, John Moppett, Helen Rees
NHL has an annual incidence of seven cases per million children. There is a male predominance and a peak incidence between the ages of 7 and 10 years. Burkitt’s lymphoma is endemic in Africa and has an association with Epstein–Barr virus. NHL in the West may show evidence of EBV in approximately 20% of cases. Certain immunodeficiency syndromes such as ataxia telangiectasia, Wiskott–Aldrich, and acquired immunodeficiency secondary to HIV infection or post-transplant immunosuppression are associated with NHL.
The Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas and Plasma Cell Dyscrasias
Published in Harold R. Schumacher, William A. Rock, Sanford A. Stass, Handbook of Hematologic Pathology, 2019
Lynne V. Abruzzo, L. Jeffrey Medeiros
The histologic features of Burkitt-like lymphoma resemble Burkitt’s lymphoma. The cytologic features of the neoplastic cells are intermediate between Burkitt’s lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Like Burkitt’s lymphoma, the nuclei of the malignant cells are the same size or smaller than benign macrophages. However, like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, there is greater nuclear pleomorphism, and the nuclear chromatin is more vesicular with more prominent nucleoli (Fig. 12). In some cases it may not be possible to distinguish between Burkitt-like and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Indeterministic Causality
Published in Donald Gillies, Causality, Probability, and Medicine, 2019
The first step consisted in epidemiological investigations of cervical cancer which took place in the late 1950s and early 1960s. These showed that cervical cancer (Vonka and Hamš iková , 2007, p. 132) “had the character of an infectious disease and that the causative agent was transmitted by sexual intercourse.” In the second half of the 1960s, the first case of a human cancer caused by a virus was proposed and came to be increasingly accepted by the medical community. This was the causation of Burkitt’s lymphoma by the Epstein-Barr virus (see Clarke, 2011, pp. 25–52, and 2012, pp. 181–184 for details).
CAR-NK cells: a promising cellular immunotherapy in lymphoma
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2023
Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi, Nima Rezaei
Monoclonal antibodies against CD20 (rituximab) are commonly used in patients with NHL, which is usually effective; however, drug resistance may affect its efficacy. To examine the effect of CD20-specific NK cells on NHL, Müller et al. generated CAR-NK cells with CD20-specific scFv antibody fragment and CD3ζ chain as the signaling domain from the NK-92 cell line (with retroviral vector). Their result showed that CD20-specific CAR-NK cells enhanced cytotoxicity towards NK-sensitive CD20-expressing cells. Additionally, the CAR-NK cells overcame the resistant lymphoma cells [77]. Chu et al. tested the efficacy of anti-CD20 CAR-NK cells in treating aggressive B-cell NHL from NSG mice in vitro and in vivo. Peripheral blood NK cells were engineered by mRNA nucleofection to target CD20+ B-NHL. Engineered CAR-NK cells had enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity towards both rituximab-resistant and rituximab-sensitive lymphoma cells. CAR-NK-treated NSG mice had prolonged survival and reduced tumor size in comparison with the control group [78]. In another study on Burkitt lymphoma by Chu et al., romidepsin (a histone deacetylase inhibitor) and CAR-NK cells showed synergic cytotoxic activities in vivo and in vitro. Romidepsin can increase the cytotoxicity of anti-CD20 CAR-modified expanded peripheral blood NK cells via NKG2D by inducing the expression of NKG2D ligands MICA/B in rituximab-sensitive and rituximab-resistant Burkitt lymphoma cells [9].
Role of the BMP6 protein in breast cancer and other types of cancer
Published in Growth Factors, 2021
Andrea Marlene García Muro, Azaria García Ruvalcaba, Lourdes del Carmen Rizo de la Torre, Josefina Yoaly Sánchez López
mRNA BMP6 expression in non-small cell lung cancer tissues was found to be reduced compared to healthy adjacent tissue and downregulated in metastatic osteosarcoma compared to non-metastatic cases (Yang et al. 2020; Xiong, Wang, and Yu 2018), the low expression of mRNA was related to myeloma promoter methylation, and in multiple myeloma plasmacytoma cases, the multiple extramedullary plasmacytoma exhibited BMP6 promoter methylation and rapid progress (Hashida et al. 2012), as well as variable methylation between the different forms of myeloma, the analysis of various histological types of malignant lymphomas indicated a higher degree of methylation in BMP6 promoter mainly in Burkitt’s lymphoma and diffuse large b-cell lymphoma compared to other types of primary lymphoma (Daibata et al. 2007). In diffuse large b-cell lymphoma cell lines promoter hypermethylation was correlated with loss of BMP6 expression suggesting that promoter methylation is a likely predictor of poor outcome in patients with diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (Daibata et al. 2007).
Adult Burkitt lymphoma- an Island between lymphomas and leukemias
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2019
James Turro, Pratiksha Singh, Manbeer Singh Sarao, Satish Tadepalli, Pramil Cheriyath
Burkitt lymphoma is a rare, aggressive and rapidly fatal, B-cell Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). The World Health Organization (WHO) defines it as a highly aggressive but curable lymphoma that often presents in extra-nodal sites or as acute leukemia” [1]. It was first described in 1958 by Dr. Dennis Parsons Burkitt in a 5-year old boy from Uganda who presented with swelling of both jaws. The symmetrical nature and progression of these swellings to other parts of the body piqued Dr. Burkitt’s curiosity. He described the disease as a tumor of lymphatic origin, which now bears his eponym. Currently, the disease is known to have an incidence of 0.4/100,000 age-adjusted to the USA standard population [2]. It has trimodal age-specific incidence peaks in males at ages 10, 40 and 75 years, and bimodal pediatric and geriatric peaks in females [3]. The cure rate decreases significantly with age, dramatically in patients > 60 years of age.