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Exercise testing in pregnancy
Published in R. C. Richard Davison, Paul M. Smith, James Hopker, Michael J. Price, Florentina Hettinga, Garry Tew, Lindsay Bottoms, Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Volume II – Exercise and Clinical Testing, 2022
Victoria L. Meah, Amal Hassan, Lin Foo, Christoph Lees, Marlize de Vivo
Pregnancy results in hormonally mediated increases in joint laxity and changes to axial, thoracic, pelvic and lower-limb biomechanics, which shift the centre of gravity forwards, thus focussing load on the anterior chain. This can contribute to the experience of musculoskeletal pain in day-to-day life, as well as during and following physical activity. Up to three quarters of pregnant individuals suffer from low back and/or pelvic girdle pain (Weis et al., 2018). Exercise modality should be adjusted to reduce the risk of worsening an individual’s musculoskeletal pain simply because of participating. If any pregnant individual does suffer from musculoskeletal pain, practitioners should offer non-weight bearing options (e.g., recumbent cycle) where possible.
Exercise testing for the pregnant athlete
Published in R. C. Richard Davison, Paul M. Smith, James Hopker, Michael J. Price, Florentina Hettinga, Garry Tew, Lindsay Bottoms, Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Volume I – Sport Testing, 2022
Victoria L. Meah, Amal Hassan, Lin Foo, Christoph Lees, Marlize de Vivo
Pregnancy results in an increase in hormonally mediated joint laxity and changes to axial, thoracic, pelvic and lower limb biomechanics, which shift the centre of gravity forwards, thus focusing load on the anterior chain. This can contribute to the experience of musculoskeletal pain in day-to-day life, as well as during and following physical activity. Specifically, up to three-quarters of pregnant individuals suffer from low back and/or pelvic girdle pain (Weis et al., 2018). Exercise modality should be adjusted to reduce the risk of worsening an individual’s musculoskeletal pain simply because of participating. If any pregnant individual does suffer from day-to-day musculoskeletal pain, practitioners should offer non-weight-bearing options (e.g., recumbent cycle) where possible.
Metabolic Therapies for Muscle Injury
Published in Kohlstadt Ingrid, Cintron Kenneth, Metabolic Therapies in Orthopedics, Second Edition, 2018
Ana V. Cintrón, Kenneth Cintron
Heat and cold therapy are considered part of the standard of care for acute musculoskeletal pain. However, most recommendations for use of heat and cold therapy in acute musculoskeletal injury are based on empirical experience or unconfirmed information because the evidence base supporting the efficacy of these modalities is quite limited. Cold treatment or “cryotherapy” produces vasoconstriction with vasodilatation following reflexively, decreased local metabolism and blood flow, and minimized enzymatic activity and the subsequent demand for oxygen, thereby limiting the extent of injury to the uninjured tissue. Additionally, cryotherapy is able to decrease pain by desensitizing nociceptive sensory nerves, which according to studies by Nadler et al. [21], allows for the recovery of pain-free movements and accelerates the healing process. Cryotherapy is most commonly used during the first 48 hours of acute musculoskeletal injuries such as sprains, strains and contusions, while use beyond the initial acute phase is directed towards continued pain control, muscle re-education and control of swelling when utilized with compression. On the other hand, physiological effects of heat therapy include pain relief, increases in blood flow and metabolism, and increased elasticity of connective tissue. Increasing tissue temperature stimulates vasodilation and increases tissue blood flow, which is thought to promote healing by increasing the supply of nutrients and oxygen to the site of injury [21].
An Exploration of the Psychometric Properties of the PASS-20 in Older Adults with Chronic Pain: Preliminary Development and Validity
Published in Clinical Gerontologist, 2022
Miriam Alonso-Fernández, David Gillanders, Almudena López-López, Borja Matías, Andres Losada, José Luis González
A total of 141 older people with chronic pain were contacted though five nursing homes in Madrid, Spain and invited to participate in this study. Of these, 30 declined to participate and declined to provide a reason for their decision. All 111 assessed older people lived in nursing homes located in Madrid, Spain. The inclusion criteria were: 1) age 65 years or older, 2) diagnosis of chronic musculoskeletal pain of at least six months, 3) no severe cognitive impairment or dementia, and 4) ability to read and write in Spanish. The nursing home staff assessed that all participants contacted met the inclusion criteria. All the potential participants had objective measures of chronic musculoskeletal pain and no cognitive impairment (assessed by the doctor). The sample was predominantly female (81.1%) and Spanish (91.1%), with a mean age of 83.36 (S.D. 6.53; range 65 to 97 years old). The mean duration of pain was 21.54 years (S.D. 19.96; range 1 to 69 years). The majority of participants were widowed (55.9%) and had primary school education (52.3%). Demographic and clinical characteristics are presented in Table 1.
Musculoskeletal pain and its relation to individual and work-related factors: a cross-sectional study among Turkish office workers who work using computers
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Guzin Kaya Aytutuldu, Tansu Birinci, Ela Tarakcı
Identifying the associated risk factors, especially those that can be modified, is the first and essential step in prevention. The evidence reporting the contribution of physical factors related to an individual’s occupation, psychosocial factors, organizational factors and individual factors to musculoskeletal pain among office workers has been increasing day by day [10]. Musculoskeletal pain in different regions of the body is linked to various risk factors. The risk factors for neck pain do not have to be the same as those for LBP or upper-extremity pain [2,7,8]. In addition, risk factors related to wrist pain might be different from factors that cause shoulder pain, so risk factors for a musculoskeletal pain region should be defined separately for each part of the body. On the other hand, most studies investigating the individual and work-related risk factors that lead to musculoskeletal pain have been conducted in Europe and North America. Because of the difference in health, economic and social systems, their results are not generalizable to other countries. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the individual and work-related risk factors linked to musculoskeletal pain and pain-related disability among Turkish office workers who work using computers.
Exploring the effectiveness of immersive Virtual Reality interventions in the management of musculoskeletal pain: a state-of-the-art review
Published in Physical Therapy Reviews, 2021
Niamh Brady, Joseph G. McVeigh, Karen McCreesh, Ebonie Rio, Thomas Dekkers, Jeremy S. Lewis
Studies of any design were included if they reported clinical outcomes following an immersive VR intervention for individuals with musculoskeletal pain. We defined musculoskeletal pain as pain originating from a joint and it’s surrounding tissue, as well as muscle, tendon and nerve sources. We excluded studies involving people with burn injury, procedural pain, phantom limb pain, spinal cord injury and experimental pain. Screening was completed by two independent reviewers (NB and TD) and consensus was reached through discussion. Where consensus could not be reached a third reviewer (JL) contributed to the decision process. The following data were extracted and are presented in Table 1: authors, year of publication, musculoskeletal condition, intervention, control, primary outcome measure, results. A narrative synthesis was carried out on the effectiveness of immersive VR interventions in the management of musculoskeletal conditions.