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Neuromuscular Physiology
Published in Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan, Strength and Conditioning in Sports, 2023
Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan
Often used interchangeably, proprioception, kinesthesis, and neuromuscular control are terms having somewhat different definitions. Proprioception is the awareness of joint position. Kinesthesis deals with the ability to navigate space and the awareness of movement; thus, kinesthesis is the cognizance of joint movement (16, 147). Neuromotor control deals with how the CNS selects or inhibits MUs and whole muscle through the integration of sensory and motor aspects of the nervous systems. Mechanistically, neuromotor control can be defined as voluntary efferent (motor) initiation or motor response to an afferent (sensory) input. Exercise acutely disrupts proprioception, and therefore can associate with musculoskeletal injuries. On the other hand, training can enhance proprioception and therefore, kinesthesis (147). Proprioceptive senses, particularly of limb position and movement, deteriorate with age and are associated with alterations in balance and increased risk of falls in the elderly (147). Proprioception, kinesthesis and neuromotor control depend upon specialized sensory receptor providing constant feedback to the peripheral and CNS concerning aspects of joint position and movement. These are referred to as proprioceptors.
Thermography by Specialty
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Musculoskeletal injuries are typically accompanied by local inflammation. Skin temperature around the injury site increases in response to trauma-induced release of NO. Injury usually produces thermal asymmetry, with the damaged region of interest (ROI) being warmer than contralateral unless the damage occurs in both limbs. The temperatures can be affected by other factors, such as reduction in skin blood flow due to the injury. Skin temperatures will tend to decrease in tissues that have poor perfusion.1 This may lead to reduction in the thermographic visualization of musculoskeletal injuries in elderly individuals or those with accelerated aging of the microvasculature due to stress and illness.2
Musculoskeletal Trauma
Published in Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner, Trauma Care Manual, 2021
Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner
Patients and carers alike should be aware that most musculoskeletal injuries will continue to show improvement for up to 18 months following trauma, and every effort should be made to maximize recovery during this period.
A randomized controlled trial concerning the implementation of the postural Mézières treatment in elite athletes with low back pain
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2022
Orges Lena, Jasemin Todri, Ardita Todri, Petraq Papajorgji, Juan Martínez-Fuentes
The Participants were recruited between December 2016 and May 2018. The study was finalized in December 2019. In order to be eligible for inclusion, participants had to be professional elite athletes ages 15–40 years old, with a medical diagnosis of chronic nonspecific back pain persisting for ≥3 months [19], with the presence of kyphosis or scoliosis, training time at least 9 hours a week, and sports practice for a minimum of 2 years. Nonspecific back pain, as per reference [20] is diagnosed when pathologies such as osteoporosis, stenosis, tumor, fracture, spinal deformities, inflammations or infectious disease, lumbar radiculopathy, and others have not been recognized in a patient. Also, it is considered chronic when the duration of pain persists for more than 12 weeks [20]. Athletes who had suffered moderate or severe musculoskeletal injuries in the last 6 months (e.g. recent lumbar spinal surgery, osteoporosis, inflammation, etc.) received treatments with analgesic/anti-inflammatory drugs. Athletes with fractures, vertebral implants, low training intensity, spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis, and respiratory disorders that precluded their normal sports participation were excluded from the study.
Economic Cost of Occupational Injuries and Diseases among Informal Welders in Ghana
Published in Cogent Medicine, 2021
Dina Adei, Anthony Acquah Mensah, Williams Agyemang-Duah, Kenneth Kwame KanKam
The injuries sustained by master welders and their apprentice were laceration, musculoskeletal injuries (chronic back and shoulder pain, burns, muscle sprain and strain, fractures), eye injuries and electric shock. The literature indicate musculoskeletal injuries are caused by ineffective ergonomic practices in carrying and lifting heavy machines and equipment, squatting, bending and carrying or moving loads by hand or by bodily force (Halvani et al., 2014; Shahriyari et al., 2018). Furthermore, Hong and Ghobakhloo (2014) assert that welding activities produces sparks of fire and spatters, causing burns if precautionary measures are not taken. It was, therefore, not surprising when 16.7% of welders reported of burns in 2016. The survey revealed that the occupational-related diseases that the master welders and apprentices reported of were malaria, eye diseases, respiratory diseases (chronic cough and asthma), diseases of the ear, diabetics and chronic skin diseases. Aside from the forestated diseases, approximately 17% of master welders also reported of hypertension. Studies conducted by Okuga et al. (2012), Coggon et al. (1994), Rothwell (2012), Z’gambo (2015) and Tagurum et al. (2018) have also documented these injuries and diseases among welders. In addition, some of the diseases reported have also been recorded among the top 10 diseases in Ghana (Ghana Health Service, 2017).
Philippine Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine emergency basic relief and medical aid mission project (November 2013–February 2014): the role of physiatrists in Super Typhoon Haiyan
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2018
Filipinas Ganchoon, Rommel Bugho, Liezel Calina, Rochelle Dy, James Gosney
Large-scale natural disasters can result in significant loss of life and long-term disability from severe traumatic injuries including crush injury, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, limb amputation long bone fracture, and peripheral nerve injury. Less severe musculoskeletal injuries may also result in reduced functioning. Comorbid psychological injury may also occur [4,5]. Medical rehabilitation of injured survivors employs the therapeutic interventions to help them “… achieve and maintain optimal sensory, physical, intellectual, and psychological functioning…” [6]. Rehabilitation aims to increase the individual’s level of activity and participation in the immediate living environment and community [7] by management of the acute injury, optimization of functioning, and social re-integration [5]. The World Health Organization defines rehabilitation as “a set of measures that assist individuals who experience, or are likely to experience, disability to achieve and maintain optimal functioning in interaction with their environments” [6]. Restoration of medical rehabilitation services and infrastructure following a large-scale natural disaster is also essential for full recovery of individuals, the community, and society [7].