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Waste not, want not
Published in Carrie Rich, J. Knox Singleton, Seema S. Wadhwa, Sustainability for healthcare management, 2018
Carrie Rich, J. Knox Singleton, Seema S. Wadhwa
In the United States, only 12.5 percent of electronic waste is sent to recyclers and the remainder is dumped or burned.35 Even electronic waste (such as computers, monitors and medical devices) that is sent to recycling services may not be properly handled. According to e-Stewards, recyclers send an estimated 70 to 80 percent of their electronic waste to less developed countries, where it is burned in large piles for metals, exposing people and the environment to a host of toxins.36 According to the United Nations, half of the world’s population lacks access to safe waste disposal practices (UNNC, 2013). To avoid environmental, human health hazards and moral quandaries, ask for e-waste recyclers or ask group purchasing organizations for e-waste recyclers that have taken additional steps to be environmentally responsible.37
Outdoor Emissions
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
“Electronic waste” may be defined as discarded computers, office electronic equipment, entertainment device electronics, mobile phones, television sets, and refrigerators. This definition includes used electronics which are destined for reuse, resale, salvage, recycling, or disposal. Others define the reusables (working and repairable electronics) and secondary scrap (copper, steel, plastic, etc.) to be “commodities,” and reserve the term “waste” for residue or material which is dumped by the buyer rather than recycled, including residue from reuse and recycling operations. Because loads of surplus electronics are frequently commingled (good, recyclable, and nonrecyclable), several public policy advocates apply the term “e-waste” broadly to all surplus electronics. CRTs are considered one of the hardest types to recycle.366
Prevalence of hearing loss among noise-exposed workers within the services sector, 2006–2015
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2020
Nimarpreet K. Sekhon, Elizabeth A. Masterson, Christa L. Themann
Ncube, Ncube, and Voyi (2017) found noise exposure just under the 85 dBA limit among solid waste handlers in South Africa, but noted that waste collection often occurs near other noise sources such as high traffic areas and construction. In addition to the risk to hearing, the authors pointed out possible safety risks such as the inability to hear warning signals. Burns and colleagues reported on noise exposures among electronic waste recycling workers in Ghana. Average time-weighted average exposures were 78 ± 6 dBA. Fifteen percent of the exposure measurements exceeded the 85 dBA 8-h exposure limit. Noisy tasks included loading/sorting scrap, collecting/burning iron and other rubbish, and dismantling recycled objects such as vehicles and appliances. These workers in Ghana also reported frequently working long days, which would increase hearing loss risk (Burns et al. 2016; Burns, Sayler, and Neitzel 2019). Hearing conservation programs should be implemented to help workers in waste and recycling-related industries protect their hearing (Liu et al. 2015).
A state-of-art review on antenna designs for ingestible application
Published in Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 2020
T. Mary Neebha, A. Diana Andrushia, S. Durga
This review summarizes the recent advances and challenges in designing antenna structures for ingestible capsule endoscopy systems. A complementary spiral structure of the antenna was designed and validated for its use for ingestible applications. These reviews establish an important foundation for future ingestible systems capable of diagnostic and treatment of diseases in various parts of the human body. Though various techniques have been discussed, the technology is still at the starting phase and lot of challenges exists. Usage of biodegradable materials and its analysis needs to be extensively done for effective use of radiators inside human body. The clinical standard should be given utmost consideration while designing the antenna structures. Novel schemes in imaging capacity and data rate improvements are also equally important. Hence, such emerging design techniques in antenna could potentially serve the human beings for fighting various diseases as well as to reduce electronic waste.
Toxicological assessment of electronic cigarette vaping: an emerging threat to force health, readiness and resilience in the U.S. Army
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Marc A. Williams, Gunda Reddy, Michael J. Quinn, Amy Millikan Bell
In the commentary by Hendlin (2018), the case was made that electronic waste (e-waste) already presents to society an overwhelming issue, with an estimated 99 billion pounds of e-waste disposed of each year and mostly transported to developing countries for reprocessing or incineration, according to global e-waste monitoring efforts (Balde et al.2017). As was pointed out (Hendlin 2018), it is important to realize that a strategy of shipping significant quantities of waste from Western industrialized countries to developing countries, does not necessarily eliminate the challenge of e-waste by displacing the hazard and the associated pollutants and risk to the environment from incineration or reprocessing and reclaiming activities.