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Therapeutic Potential of Marine Foods: A Review
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, 2021
Zohaib Hassan, Muhammad Kamran Khan, Farhan Saeed, Sadia Hassan, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria
As a substitute for the collagen of mammals, fish collagen can be used immunogenic agent [57]. Fish and fish products are major sources of different essential nutrients in our diet due to having good quality protein, vitamin D, and minerals like iodine and selenium, and a rich source of omega-3 FAs. On the other side, seafood also comprises of unwanted compounds, such as heavy metals and organic pollutants. The main unacceptable components are dioxins, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, methyl mercury, and brominated flame retardants [167].
Indoor Air Pollution
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Flame Retardants: Brominated flame retardants (PBDEs) can disrupt normal hormonal function and development, especially in infants and children. They can persist in the environment for years, especially indoors. The estimated nondietary ingestion of PBDEs (ingesting PBDEs that have been transferred from treated surfaces to the hands or objects that are mouthed) in children less than 1 year of age exceeded the U.S. EPA acceptable levels for PBDE-47 and PBDE-99 in 10% of the facilities.214
Environmental Health
Published in Hilary McClafferty, Integrative Pediatrics, 2017
Brominated flame retardants are another important group of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. They are ubiquitous, lipophilic, and highly pro-inflammatory. Historically they have been used in polyurethane foam, children’s sleepwear, and in industrial use in computer casings, monitors, high-impact polystyrenes, automotive industry, and in textiles, and construction and building industries. Several types of first-generation flame retardants have been phased out in the U.S. and in Europe, and second-generation flame retardants have also been banned as a class in the EU since 2008. However, these compounds, categorized as persistent organic pollutants, are ubiquitous in ecosystems around the world (Dishaw et al. 2014).
Enhanced toxicity of 2,2-bis(chloromethyl) trimethylene bis[bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate] (V6) by nanopolystyrene particles towards HeLa cells
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2023
Zheng Zhong, Xin Liu, Yiming Ruan, Ziwei Li, Junxian Li, Lili Sun, Sen Hou
V6 exhibited joint toxicity with NPs in our study at the minimum concentration of 10 mg/L. The detected concentration of V6 in the environment was lower than in our study. For example, a study showed that in a waste water treatment plant (WWTP) the concentration of V6 in the influents was 40.7 ng/L, and in the effluents was 26.0 ng/L (Woudneh et al. 2015). The concentration of V6 detected in WWTP in Norway was less than 500 ng/L (Van der Veen and de Boer 2012). But the concentration of V6 in NPs may be much higher than the environmental level. On one hand, V6 was intentionally added into plastics as additives (Liu et al. 2020) and their concentrations in plastics were usually orders of magnitude higher than the environmental level. For example, the amount of brominated flame retardants added into plastics was generally 3–25% w/w (Hahladakis et al. 2018). On the other hand, plastics accumulated additives from the environment, which further increased their concentrations on NPs surfaces (Mensah et al. 2022). Therefore, it is very likely that concentrations of V6 in NPs are high enough to show the enhanced joint toxicity in the environment.
Halogen gas exposure: toxic effects on the parturient
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2021
Dylan R. Addis, James A. Lambert, David A. Ford, Tamas Jilling, Sadis Matalon
Data regarding pregnancy and bromine or other halogen exposures are scarce, with the preponderance of evidence stemming from mouse models. Environmental outcomes data support a potential linkage between elevated relative levels of bromine disinfection by-products detected in water supplies and both preterm delivery and birth defects (Chisholm et al. 2008; Horton et al. 2011). Experiments in pregnant rats to determine the influence of brominated flame retardants on mammary gland development have demonstrated that dietary administration of brominated flame retardants in analogous concentrations to those seen in household dust reduce phosphor-ser675 β-catenin (p-βcatSer675), reducing its interaction with E-cadherin. Preservation of intracellular junctions is important for mammary gland function and abnormalities in junctional proteins (including E-cadherin) are linked to breast cancer. However, in these experiments the structure and function of the mammary gland was not appreciably altered and interestingly the most pronounced reduction in p-βcatSer675 occurred in the lowest dose treatment groups thus having more limited relevance to the question of severe, acute bromine gas exposure (Dianati et al. 2017).
A contemporary review of electronic waste through the lens of inhalation toxicology
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2021
Oyemwenosa N. Avenbuan, Gabriella Y. Meltzer, Christina Awada, Amna Raja, Andrij Holian, Judith T. Zelikoff
Brominated flame retardants such as (PBDEs) are often used in the manufacturing of electronics and electronic equipment. Because flame retardants are not chemically bound to the equipment, leaching can easily occur during the heating process of e-waste dismantling (Leung et al. 2011). Flame retardants may also be released into the environment during e-waste shredding or compaction (Okeme and Arrandale 2019). While PBDEs have been banned or voluntarily phased out by the electronics industry, they can still be found in older products (Okeme and Arrandale 2019). Regardless, PBDEs and other POPs can bioaccumulate in aquatic and land organisms, and biomagnify in the food chain (Liulin et al. 2011).