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Risk factors – Treatable traits
Published in Vibeke Backer, Peter G. Gibson, Ian D. Pavord, The Asthmas, 2023
Vibeke Backer, Peter G. Gibson, Ian D. Pavord
Air pollution exposure can be recognised by the use of specific pollution monitors. Much of the data generated is publicly available. In addition to measuring fine particles (P2.5, PM10), other pollutants that are used for air quality assessment in many countries include ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide and lead.
The Role of IoT in Sustainable Healthcare
Published in Govind Singh Patel, Seema Nayak, Sunil Kumar Chaudhary, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Big Data, and Internet of Things for Healthcare, 2023
Ashish Mulajkar, Sanjeet K Sinha, Vinod Bharat, Arundoy Lenka, Govind Singh Patel
As the population and pollution in the world increases, people mostly suffer from common diseases like asthma, cancer, AIDS, psoriasis, and COPD [1], and the number is growing with a linear speed. MSDs (musculoskeletal disorders) are the defects which causes issues in muscular movements of the body parts [2]. To avoid the growth of MSD, an early detection technique called Rodgers Muscle Fatigue Analysis was developed. Air pollution due to heavy industrialization in urban areas has caused many premature diseases and deaths in recent years. The death count is up to five million worldwide per year, making it fifth amongst all disorders [3]. Many healthcare models are shifting towards patient-centric methods, common among which is ICT (information and communication technologies) along with IoT platforms [4]. Air Quality Index (AQI)-detecting stations should be installed in urban areas which in turn help to build smart cities. WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks) and some advanced sensors are used in conventional air quality measurements to avoid high costs and power consumption. Table 8.1 lists AQI specifications.
Challenges of Global Healthcare Disasters
Published in Adarsh Garg, D. P. Goyal, Global Healthcare Disasters, 2023
Deepika Sherawat, Sonia, Priyanka Shukla
The governments should work in collaboration with giant companies and NGOs to eradicate the issues of air pollution and eventually mitigate the related health issues. In 2019, over 80 cities in more than 50 countries committed to the WHO’s air quality guidelines, agreeing to align their air pollution and climate policies.
Correlation Between Air Quality Index and Tear Film Lipid Layer Thickness: Comparison Between Patients with Sjogren’s Syndrome and with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
Published in Current Eye Research, 2023
He Wang, Hui Jia, Jiaxin Han, Zhaowei Zhang, Xiaoyue Yin, Ning Mu, Yanan Zhu, Mingxin Li
Air pollution is increasingly becoming a global concern, especially outdoor pollution in low-income countries and indoor pollution in high-income countries.1,2 Atmospheric pollutants, which consist of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) with different diameters and multiple harmful gases, are a kind of compositional complex mixture. The air quality index (AQI) is a nonlinear dimensionless index that quantitatively describes the condition of air quality. The severity of the air pollution status correlates with the value, level, and category of AQI, and in general, a larger AQI value indicates a greater health hazard from air pollution to humans.3 The reference standard for grading calculation of air quality index in China is based on GB 3095-2012 ambient air quality standards,4 and the air pollutants evaluated were PM10, PM2.5, carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2).5 PM2.5 refers to particulate matter in ambient air with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter ≤ 2.5 µm. PM10 is defined as particulate matter with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter ≤ 10 µm.
The association between air pollution and childhood asthma: United States, 2010–2015
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2022
Eric M. Connor, Benjamin Zablotsky
The Tracking Network, implemented by the CDC’s National Center for Environmental Health combines health and environmental data from national, state, and city sources. In the past, air quality data came primarily from monitoring stations around the country from the EPA. There are approximately 4,000 air pollution monitoring stations located in 20% of US counties, mainly located in urban counties (38). However, recognizing a limitation in the coverage of monitoring stations, as well as the number of available readings at a typical monitoring station, the CDC and the EPA worked together to develop a statistical model, known as Downscaler modeled data, to be able to make Census tract-level estimates of several pollutants, including ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the contiguous United States (39). These tract-level air pollutant predictions were averaged (40,41), using tract populations as spatial weights, to generate county-level estimates of PM2.5, including an annual average and the number of days above the daily 24-h National Ambient Air Quality Standard for PM2.5. More information about the Tracking Network can be found at https://ephtracking.cdc.gov.
Air pollution and human health risks: mechanisms and clinical manifestations of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Habib Allah Shahriyari, Yousef Nikmanesh, Saeid Jalali, Noorollah Tahery, Akram Zhiani Fard, Nasser Hatamzadeh, Kourosh Zarea, Maria Cheraghi, Mohammad Javad Mohammadi
Good ventilation of homes and better stoves are the keys decrease in emitting smoke from cooking and heating fuels (Vestbo et al.2013, Majeed et al.2020). Based on result, different studies improved stoves can improve indoor air quality (Yorifuji et al. 2016). Using alternative energy sources such as solar cooking and electrical heating is also effective. Using fuels such as kerosene or coal might be less bad than traditional biomass such as wood or dung (Pirozzi and Scholand 2012). Improvements in both air quality and health outcomes are the main advantage of emission control (Yorifuji et al.2016). Combination of controlling the indoor air sources and selecting appropriate ventilation rate (increased to remove remaining pollutants) was the most effective to reduce health risks (Asikainen et al.2016).