China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Effect of opium
Published in Dinesh Kumar Jain, Homeopathy, 2022
Sulfur is applied to the skin for skin infection. Sulfur is converted into pentathionic acid that exerted germicidal action. Sulfur also possesses a keratolytic property that may be the basis for the therapeutic action in certain skin diseases. Sulfur is used as a fungicide and parasiticide. It is used in the treatment of skin disorders such as psoriasis, seborrhea, and dermatitis. Prolong local use of sulfur may result in characteristic dermatitis (Harvey, 1980, pp. 980–981). It is an acute allergic inflammation of the skin caused by contact with sulfur.
Radiation Syndromes and Their Modifications
Published in Kedar N. Prasad, Handbook of RADIOBIOLOGY, 2020
Several hundred compounds containing sulfur have been tested, but only a few show any significant protective action. Some of the sulfur-containing compounds include thiourea, thiouracil, dithiocarbamates, dithiooxamides, thiazolines, sulfoxides, and sulfones. Dimethyl sulfoxide has a DRF value of 1.33 for the same strain of mice in which the DRF value of AET is about 1.45.
Lifestyle Influences on the Microbiome
Published in David Perlmutter, The Microbiome and the Brain, 2019
Sulfur-reducing bacteria (SRB) consume hydrogen in the generation of H2S, an autacoid with both pro-27,28 and anti-inflammatory29 signaling attributes. Like Archea, SRB are found in about half of human stool specimens30 and attach directly to colonic mucosa.30 Although sulfate-reducing activity is found in many phyla, the dominant SRB in the human colon are members of the genus Desulfovibrio in the phylum Proteobacteria.31 Dietary sulfur is found in ingested protein and in sulfate and sulfite preservatives added to a variety of foods, like bread, preserved meat, dried fruit, and wine. Sulfate is also present in the common food additive carrageenan. Even without food, sulfur is present in sulfated glycans present in host-derived colonic mucus. Unlike Archaea, which through their syntrophism with Ruminococcus grow well in a carbohydrate-rich environment, Desulfovibrio piger, is syntrophic with Bacteroides species like B. thetaiotamicron and thrives when animals are fed a diet high in sugar and fat and low in complex polysaccharides.32 When the diet lacks complex polysaccharides, Bacteroides-derived sulfatases liberate sulfates from mucosal glycans,33 helping D. piger fill its appetite for sulfur.
The Potential for Reducing Lynch Syndrome Cancer Risk with Nutritional Nrf2 Activators
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Allium vegetables, particularly garlic and onion, are a source of dietary sulfur compounds, notably DATS. DATS is an organosulphur, classified as a lipophilic thioester and is manufactured from the natural precursor allicin (35, 82). This DATS producing reaction occurs when garlic cloves are crushed, breaking cell membranes, causing allicin to interact with the vacuolar enzyme allinase triggering downstream manufacture of DATS (82, 96). Multiple epidemiological, In Vivo, and In Vitro studies have demonstrated that consumption of garlic can decrease cancer risk by inhibiting chemical induced tumorigenesis through multiple mechanisms (92, 96–101). One such mechanism is through activation of the Nrf2 pathway, leading to the downstream increase in endogenous antioxidants. DATS has been shown to activate Nrf2 through modification of Cys288, one of three possible cysteine residue modifications that liberate Nrf2 from Keap1, as outlined previously in this paper (87, 89–92).
Influence of short-term changes in dietary sulfur on the relative abundances of intestinal sulfate-reducing bacteria
Published in Gut Microbes, 2019
Allison Dostal Webster, Christopher Staley, Matthew J. Hamilton, Merry Huang, Kathryn Fryxell, Raymond Erickson, Amanda J. Kabage, Michael J. Sadowsky, Alexander Khoruts
Since our study had a number of limitations, no definitive conclusions can be drawn from the pilot data generated here. Moreover, the diets were self-administered and sulfur content was estimated from self-reported intake of protein. Other dietary sources of sulfur, including food modifiers and additives, such as sulfiting agents, carrageenan, and non-protein sources of sulfur in some plant-based foods, none of which are quantifiable by the methodology we employed. However, these are relatively minor sources of dietary sulfur compared to protein. Methodological weaknesses also included the variability in baseline diets, lack of randomization with respect to the initial diet, and failure of consumption during the washout period to match the baseline. All of these factors could have contributed to negative results.
Subacute dermal toxicity study of bensulfuron-methyl in Sprague-Dawley rats
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2022
Tuo Cai, Sihui Wen, Xiuhong Yang, Xiaowei Yu, Jianfeng Chen, Jun Wu, Lina Zhang, Lichao Zhan, Kaiwen Luo, Jiping Yi, Xiaochuan Zhu, Yunfeng Nie
Sulphur mustard is a sulphur-containing compound, which has erosive and irritating effects on skin membrane and even mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Sulphur mustard in vivo inhibits at least 30 kinds of human enzymes, such as hexokinase, cholinesterase, pepsin, some dehydrogenase, and oxidase14,15. However, the key enzyme, acetolactate synthase, which is the primary effect of bensulfuron-methyl, is present only in plants and microorganisms16, so bensulfuron-methyl is safe for mammals even at high exposure doses. Differences in metabolic enzymes could explain why the toxic effects of bensulfuron-methyl are greater in most aquatic organisms than in terrestrial mammals.