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Separation Of The Bound And Unbound Forms Of The Radioactivity
Published in Erwin Regoeczi, Iodine-Labeled Plasma Proteins, 2019
In vivo, iodine-labeled plasma proteins undergo a time-dependent metabolic degradation during which the protein-bound radioactivity is ultimately reconverted to iodide. Iodide is mainly excreted via the kidneys at rates which are independent of protein catabolic rates. The concentrations of nonprotein radioactivity in the plasma and tissues57 therefore bear a relationship to the speed of protein catabolism. For this reason, acid precipitation is frequently performed on specimens of biological origin. The intent here is to draw attention to a few technical aspects.
Cholelithiasis and Nephrolithiasis
Published in John K. DiBaise, Carol Rees Parrish, Jon S. Thompson, Short Bowel Syndrome Practical Approach to Management, 2017
There are multiple factors associated with an increased risk of nephrolithiasis present in SBS. Sodium and water reabsorption capacity varies from patient to patient after major small bowel resection. Dehydration leading to reduced urine volumes is associated with kidney stone formation. [45,46]. Particularly at risk are patients with an end-jejunostomy as they often have significant fluid losses resulting in chronic salt and water depletion. In the setting of high stomal output, volume depletion and stool losses of bicarbonate result in metabolic acidosis, reduced citrate excretion, and acidic urine [47,48]. A persistently low urine pH promotes uric acid precipitation and leads to the formation of uric acid stones [49].
General Survey of Geomedicine
Published in Jul Låg, Geomedicine, 2017
Comprehensive investigations on the harmful effects of acid precipitation have been carried out, especially in Europe and North America. After protracted negotiations, many states have agreed to reduce the release to the atmosphere of sulfuric compounds by 30% before the year 1993.
Recovery of Biosurfactant Using Different Extraction Solvent by Rhizospheric Bacteria Isolated from Rice-husk and Poultry Waste Biochar Amended Soil
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2020
S. O. Adebajo, P. O. Akintokun, A. E. Ojo, A.K. Akintokun, O.A. Badmos
The extraction techniques involve the use of acid precipitation and solvent extraction methods. The fermentation broth sample was centrifuged at 13,000 rpm for 15 min. The obtained supernatant serves as the crude biosurfactant. Crude biosurfactant was treated by acidification to pH 2.0 using 2 N HCL and the acidified supernatant was left overnight at 4°C for complete precipitation of the biosurfactant. Precipitated samples were centrifuged and the pellets obtained serves as the unpurified biosurfactant for acid precipitated samples. Another crude biosurfactant sample was extracted three times separately with an equal volume of ethyl acetate, acetone, dichloromethane and chloroform/methanol (2:1). The organic solvent was evaporated using a rotary evaporator and residue was obtained that served as the unpurified biosurfactant [42].
Point of care blood glucose devices in the hospital setting
Published in Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 2023
Nam K. Tran, Clayton LaValley, Berit Bagley, John Rodrigo
BGMS accuracy is determined by comparison with an appropriate reference method. It is important for healthcare facilities to appraise the rigor of reference methods used by device manufacturers. The “gold standard” or definitive method for glucose measurements is an isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) method that has been calibrated to a standard reference material (SRM) [49]. In the United States, the National Institute for Standards and Technology provides SRMs for glucose, including serum-based material SRM 965b for this purpose. It is recognized that most healthcare facilities and even some manufacturers do not have access to a validated IDMS method for glucose monitoring. An alternative to the IDMS method is the hexokinase/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase assay aligned to IDMS, developed by the American Association for Clinical Chemistry and considered to be the reference method [50]. Blood samples are subjected to perchloric acid precipitation before analysis. Hexokinase-based assays are less affected by interfering substances than other enzyme-based assay, while the treatment of whole blood with perchloric acid stops glycolysis and releases erythrocyte glucose. Less accurate than both IDMS and hexokinase/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase methods are the common methods used to measure glucose on plasma or serum samples on clinical laboratory instruments or blood gas analyzers. These platforms serve as “comparative methods” and are suitable to verify the performance of a new device but are less suited to perform a formal validation. Figure 3 illustrates the hierarchy of reference methods from IDMS to the hexokinase/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase assay aligned to IDMS to common laboratory analyzers.
Inhibitory effect of a lipopeptide biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis on planktonic and sessile cells of Trichosporon spp.
Published in Biofouling, 2018
Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro, Ewerton Weslley Caracas Cedro, Ana Raquel Colares Andrade, Rosana Serpa, Antonio José de Jesus Evangelista, Jonathas Sales de Oliveira, Vandbergue Santos Pereira, Lucas Pereira Alencar, Patrícia Bruna Leite Mendes, Bárbara Cibelle Soares Farias, Vânia Maria Maciel Melo, Zoilo Pires de Camargo, Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco, Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante, José Júlio Costa Sidrim, Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
For biosurfactant production, the bacterial strain was cultivated in surfactin broth (Morán et al. 2000) at 30°C, for 48 h. Subsequently, the culture was centrifuged and the cell-free supernatant was subjected to acid precipitation with 12 M HCl at pH 2.0, according to methodology proposed by Pereira et al. (2013). The semi-purified biosurfactant was identified by ESI-Q-TOF mass spectrometry, as a mixture of three lipopeptide families: surfactin, iturin and fengicin. The biosurfactant, called here TIM96, was kindly provided as a white lyophilized powder by the Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology of the Department of Biology of the Federal University of Ceará.