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Versatile Use of Gelatin in Functional Food and Nutraceuticals
Published in Datta Sourya, Debasis Bagchi, Extreme and Rare Sports, 2019
For Type A gelatin, pork skins are washed with cold water and then soaked in cold dilute mineral acid for several hours until maximum swelling has occurred. The most commonly used acids are hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. Following the processing, the remaining acid is drained off and the material is again washed several times with cold water. Subsequently, the pork skins are prepared for the extraction using hot water.
Identifying Pharmaceutical-Grade Essential Oils and Using Them Safely and Effectively in Integrative Medicine
Published in Aruna Bakhru, Nutrition and Integrative Medicine, 2018
Notable Reagents Used in the Commercial Synthesis of Methyl Salicylate: Methanol is used to esterify salicylic acid and is considered toxic at levels greater than 80 mL, but poses problems including decreased vision and kidney failure at much lower concentrations.32Phenol is the beginning substrate for much of the methyl salicylate synthetically produced and is toxic even at vapor levels with a minimum lethal amount of 140 mg/kg.33Sulfuric acid is used for the acidification of the product and is one of the strongest and corrosive acids used in commercial production.
Chemistry
Published in Stephen P. Coburn, The Chemistry and Metabolism of 4′-Deoxypyridoxine, 2018
The solution was heated at 90° C for six hours and finally brought to a boil for a few minutes. Barium sulfate was removed by filtration and a few drops of dilute sulfuric acid were added to the filtrate in order to precipitate any remaining barium ions. An excess of sulfuric acid should be avoided. The clear filtrate was treated with charcoal and evaporated to near dryness. The 4′-deoxypyridoxine hydrochloride was recrystallized from ethanol (yield: 45%; M.P. 264°C). It seems likely that the charcoal treatment may have contributed to the low yield reported for this step.
Chemical mismanagement and skin burns among hospitalized and outpatient department patients
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2021
Salman Majeed, Mati Ur Rahman, Hammad Majeed, Sami Ur Rahman, Asif Hayat, Sandra D. Smith
Table 4 shows that acids are the frequently reported cause of chemical skin burns (178 patients; 58.15%). More precisely, sulfuric acid was the most common causative agent of chemical skin burns (48 patients; 15.67%). Solvents/detergents (81 patients; 26.76%) were the main reason for chemical skin burns after acids, followed by alkalis (47 patients; 15.36%). Out of 179 chemical skin burn victims who underwent a hospital inpatient stay, the results showed that the majority of the patients were burned due to acids (127 patients; 70.94%), followed by solvents/detergents (28 patients; 15.65%) and alkalis (24 patients; 13.41%). However, solvents/detergents (53 patients; 41.74%) were the common cause of skin burns among patients who were treated in hospital OPDs, followed by acids (51 patients; 40.15%) and alkalis (23 patients; 18.11%). These details are presented in Figures 1 and 2.
Semi-quantitative health risk assessment of exposure to chemicals in an aluminum rolling mill
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2021
Ashraf Sanjari, Reza Saeedi, Shokooh S. Khaloo
In the washing and painting line, a total of 10 people work and the total exposure of this section is 3 h/day. The results showed that the risk rate of exposure to benzene was 2.2 and the risk rate of exposure to toluene, ethyl benzene and xylene was 1.7, which are low risk levels. The risk rate of exposure to sulfuric acid was 3.9, which is a high risk level. The exposure rate to sulfuric acid was high in the washing and painting line. Evaluating the workshop structure and facilities showed that the ventilation system of this workshop needs to be improved and strengthened. It was recommended to use anti-evaporation agents in the acid ponds to reduce the amount of this pollutant in the breathing zone of the workers, and, finally, the use of suitable filtered masks was proposed in this unit to reduce the risk rate of exposure to sulfuric acid.
Acute chemical skin injuries in the United States: a review
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2018
Alan H. Hall, Laurence Mathieu, Howard I. Maibach
The most commonly involved chemicals were corrosive substances, with sulfuric acid being the most common (42%) (with a 98% concentration involved in approximately one-half of such cases), followed by sodium hydroxide (22%) (Kulkarni and Jeffery 2018). In the water-only group, the average TBSA injury was 5% while the average TBSA injury in the Diphoterine® solution group was 3%. Body areas involved were most often the hands, wrists, forearms, thighs, and feet with some patients having injuries in multiple areas including the face, shoulders, back, chest, neck, and ankles (Kulkarni and Jeffery 2018).