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Cervical Ectopic Pregnancy
Published in Botros Rizk, A. Mostafa Borahay, Abdel Maguid Ramzy, Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Gynecologic Emergencies, 2020
A cervical mass is another finding that could mimic a cervical ectopic pregnancy, and these masses are divided into cervical fibroids, polyps, and cervical cancer [11, 12]. Cervical fibroids appear as hypoechoic cervical masses that may also present as a prolapsed pedunculated uterine fibroid. A cervical polyp is either from the cervix or prolapsed from the endometrium and appears as a solid mass within the cervical canal [13]. Polyps can also have cystic areas as well. Cervical cancer presents as a mass with irregular borders and a friable cervix. The mass is generally tightly adherent to the cervix and/or pelvic side wall, depending on the stage of the cancer [13]. Once again, these masses will be seen within the cervical canal, which differentiates these from a cervical ectopic pregnancy, which is adjacent to the cervical canal [11]. In addition, none of these masses will present with an hourglass appearance of the cervix.
DRCOG MCQs for Circuit A Questions
Published in Una F. Coales, DRCOG: Practice MCQs and OSCEs: How to Pass First Time three Complete MCQ Practice Exams (180 MCQs) Three Complete OSCE Practice Papers (60 Questions) Detailed Answers and Tips, 2020
Post-coital bleeding can occur with: Cervical polyp.Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).Trichomonas vaginalis infection.Cervical ectropion.Endometrial carcinoma.
Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Published in Seema Khan, Get Through, 2020
Postcoital bleeding may be caused by atrophic vaginitis, cervical ectropion, cervical carcinoma or cervical polyp. Cervical ectropion is eversion of the lower cervical canal and is associated with the three ‘Ps’ – puberty, pregnancy and the combined oral contraceptive pill. It is usually asymptomatic but can present with postcoital bleeding. Treatment involves cryotherapy.
Highly expressed circ_0000285 from serum and cervical exfoliated cells as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of early stage-cervical cancer
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2023
Hongxiao Chen, Xiufang Tian, Yajing Luan, Hui Lu
The size of study subjects was calculated using the one-sided 95% formulation of the lower confidence limit according to the previous reference (Flahault et al.2005). A total of 116 cases of healthy volunteers and 152 cases of CC patients (65 cases of ESCC and 87 cases of LACC) were enrolled at Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital (Tianjin, China) from January 2015 to September 2019. Healthy volunteers were age-matched to the CC patients and free of any known malignancies. All cases of CC were histopathologically confirmed by at least two pathologists. The exclusion criteria for CC were as follows: 1) patients with other types of cancer besides CC; 2) patients with benign cervical lesions, such as severe cervical erosion, cervical tuberculosis, and cervical polyps with microglandular hyperplasia; 3) patients with severe mental disorders; 4) patients who cannot tolerate surgery due to severe liver, kidney, heart and lung insufficiency, coagulation dysfunction, poor control of blood sugar and blood pressure; 5) patients with insufficient liquid-based cytology (LBC) and HPV DNA test. The neoplasm staging was in accordance with the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) (Saleh et al.2020), and the ESCC and LACC were defined as stage IA1–IB1 and stage IB2–IVA, respectively. None of the patients had previously undergone chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy.
Effectiveness of different methods for polypectomy in the menopause: a retrospective study
Published in Climacteric, 2020
S. Molnár, Z. Farkas, A. Jakab, R. Lampé, P. Török
While most polyps are asymptomatic8, the polyp can cause various symptoms. Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the most frequent of these6. The definition of AUB is ‘flow outside of normal volume, duration, regularity or frequency’9. The Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique (FIGO) classification of AUB in reproductive ages uses the acronyms PALM (Polyp, Adenomyosis, Leiomyoma, Malignancy, and hyperplasia as structural causes) and COEIN (Coagulability, Ovulatory dysfunction, Endometrial, Iatrogenic, Not yet classified as non-structural causes)10. The bleeding pattern is generally irregular and frequently not necessarily associated with menstruation, with a frequency of 5%4. Other causes of bleeding include atrophic vaginitis, cervicitis, endometritis, endometrial atrophy, uterine fibroids, endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial polyps, cervical polyps, and endometrial, vulvar, vaginal, and cervical cancers11.
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain relief for office hysteroscopy: an up-to-date review
Published in Climacteric, 2020
G. Riemma, A. Schiattarella, N. Colacurci, S. G. Vitale, S. Cianci, A. Cianci, P. De Franciscis
In-office hysteroscopy is globally considered essential for diagnosing and treating widespread intrauterine pathologies1. It remains the gold standard for the management of abnormal uterine bleeding and uterine neoplasms in perimenopause2,3 and postmenopause4. Meanwhile, thanks to the reduction in size of the hysteroscope to 5 mm, as well as the creation of new and miniaturized office tools5,6, it is now possible to safely treat in an outpatient setting endometrial and cervical polyps7, fibroids8, and uterine synechiae as well as septa and other organic pathologies4.