China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Stages of Labour
Published in Gowri Dorairajan, Management of Normal and High Risk Labour During Childbirth, 2022
First stage: This is characterized by the onset of painful uterine contractions. The goal is to achieve complete opening of the cervical canal from a closed organ to 10 cm dilation (full dilation) to let the fetus (engaging with a longitudinal suboccipito-bregmatic diameter of 9.5 cm and transverse biparietal diameter of 9.5 cm) pass through it comfortably. So, the stage of labour till the cervix dilates fully is the first stage of labour.
Miscarriage
Published in Botros Rizk, A. Mostafa Borahay, Abdel Maguid Ramzy, Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Gynecologic Emergencies, 2020
Erich T. Wyckoff, Hadeer Usama Ebrahem Metwally
Threatened abortion may best be described as vaginal bleeding in the setting of a closed cervix but the diagnostic criteria for spontaneous abortion have not been met. Inevitable abortion refers to cases in which the patient has vaginal bleeding and cervical dilation, typically accompanied by crampy pelvic pain. In this case, products of conception may be visualized protruding through the internal cervical os. Missed abortion refers to a spontaneous abortion in a patient with or without symptoms and with a closed cervical os, with criteria for spontaneous abortion having been met. Incomplete abortion refers to cases in which vaginal bleeding and/or pain are present, the cervix is dilated, and products of conception are found within the cervical canal or have been reported to have passed, but the uterus is not completely evacuated. Complete abortion refers to cases in which the products of conception are entirely evacuated from the uterus and cervix and the cervix is closed on examination. Vaginal bleeding and pain may be mild or resolved.
Fibroid and Infertility
Published in Rooma Sinha, Arnold P. Advincula, Kurian Joseph, FIBROID UTERUS Surgical Challenges in Minimal Access Surgery, 2020
Aarti Deenadayal Tolani, Kadambari, Hema Desai, Suhasini Donthi, Mamata Deenadayal
Distortion of the endometrial cavity may compromise implantation potential. Sperm transportation can be altered by an enlarged and deformed uterus. Cervical displacement will hinder sperm passage into the cervical canal. Deviations of the tubal ostia and alteration of the tubo-ovarian relationship may also be contributing factors.
Clearance of HR-HPV within one year after focused ultrasound or loop electrosurgical excision procedure in patients with HSIL under 30
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2022
Yi Qin, Qing Li, Xunyu Ke, Yan Zhang, Xiaoling Shen, Wenping Wang, Qiuling Shi, Chengzhi Li
The inclusion criteria were: (i) By December 2019, patients with complete data who had received at least one follow-up; (ii) Under 30 years of age; (iii) HPV test results were clear; (iv) Non-pregnant and non-lactating women; (v) Endocervical curettage (ECC) was negative. Exclusion criteria were: (i) Unsatisfactory colposcopy or lesion in the cervical canal; (ii) Patients who received adjuvant therapy or other treatment after FUS or LEEP; (iii) Patients who had received physical therapy and surgery for cervical disease in the past year; (iv) Patients with recurrent HSIL; (v) Patients with serious heart, liver, kidney, blood system and autoimmune diseases. Baseline data included patients’ age, HR-HPV types, cytological grade, educational background, marital status, age of first sexual intercourse, and parity.
The effect of endocervical and catheter bacterial colonisation during in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) on IVF success rate among asymptomatic women: a longitudinal prospective study
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Shaghayegh Moradi Alamdarloo, Behnaz Razavi, Mohammad Motamedifar, Atefe Hashemi, Alamtaj Samsami, Nahid Homayoon, Leila Ghasempour, Sara Davoodi, Hamide Homayoon, Samane Mohebi, Mahtab Hadadi, Kamran Hessami
In vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) is a commonly used type of ART in which oocyte is extracted from a woman and fertilised in vitro. The embryo is then transferred to the uterus through the cervical canal using a catheter (Strouthopoulos and Anifandis 2018). Although IVF-ET has improved outcomes for couples suffering from infertility, the implantation success rate remains relatively low ranging from 10% and >40% (Huisman et al. 2000; Valdes et al. 2017). Many factors have been suggested to contribute to the increased risk of implantation failure such as advanced maternal age, obesity, non-receptive endometrium, decreased quality and number of embryos, and poor transfer techniques (van Loendersloot et al. 2010; Rabiee et al. 2013; Bashiri et al. 2018; Maduka et al. 2018).
Lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia mimicking cervical adenocarcinoma
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2021
Felix Boria, Jaime Siegrist, David Hardisson, Nuria Saturio, Ignacio Zapardiel
Cystic lesions of the cervix can potentially be difficult to characterise. Although ultrasound could be useful in order to detect multicystic lesions, MRI seems to be the preferred diagnostic method. Lesions are typically located in the upper cervical canal. MRI typically displays two different patterns: a ‘cosmos’ pattern, where central microcystic components are surrounded by medium-sized cysts; and a ‘microcystic’ pattern, where there is an aggregation of small cysts without peripheral bigger ones (Saida et al. 2019). Omori et al. (2019) showed that a microcystic pattern in postmenopausal women may be associated with cervical adenocarcinoma in LEGH, but they also observed that these small lesions could not be seen in the ultrasound scan. Consequently, they recommended always performing an MRI for the differential diagnosis of multicystic lesions in the cervix together with pathological examination of the lesions.