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“Listening to the Music of the Mind”
Published in Meidan Turel, Michael Siglag, Alexander Grinshpoon, Clinical Psychology in the Mental Health Inpatient Setting, 2019
The D-KEFS is a battery of nine tests that were developed to measure various abilities typically subsumed under the domain of executive functions, such as abstraction, problem-solving, response inhibition, set-switching, and planning. Elaine was administered the Trail Making Test (Appendix 2), which consists of five subtests that assess visual-motor coordination, cognitive flexibility, and speed. The Visual Scanning subtest required Elaine to quickly scan and mark a target number among a field of other numbers. The Number Sequencing subtest required Elaine to visually scan a field of numbers and draw a line connecting numbers of ascending order. The Letter Sequencing subtest required Elaine to scan a field of letters and draw a line connecting them in ascending order. The Number-Letter Switching subtest required Elaine to visually scan a field of letters and numbers and connect them in alternating and ascending order, which is an assessment of cognitive flexibility. The Motor Speed subtest required Elaine to quickly draw a line over a dotted-line, which assesses her ability to quickly execute motor behaviors. The significant discrepancy between Elaine’s Average performance in the Motor Speed and Visual Scanning subtests and Impaired and Borderline performance in the other subtests suggested that while her motor skills appeared relatively intact, her impairment of performance in the other subtests is likely a result of a deficit in visual attention and/or her ability to quickly process information.
Psychology
Published in Bhaskar Punukollu, Michael Phelan, Anish Unadkat, MRCPsych Part 1 In a Box, 2019
Bhaskar Punukollu, Michael Phelan, Anish Unadkat
Trail Making Tests: These tests measure attention, visual searching, mental processing speed, and the ability to mentally control simultaneous stimulus patterns. These tests are sensitive to global brain status but are not so sensitive to minor brain injuries. See card 71 for details of the Comprehensive Trail Making Test.
Psychology and Human Development EMIs
Published in Michael Reilly, Bangaru Raju, Extended Matching Items for the MRCPsych Part 1, 2018
Clock Drawing.Digit Span.Finger Tapping.MMPI.*National Adult Reading Test.Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure.Rorschach.Stroop Test.Thematic Apperception Test.Trail-Making Test.
Arterial Stiffness and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Are Associated With Cognitive Function in Older Adults
Published in Behavioral Medicine, 2022
Justin R. Mason, Gershon Tenenbaum, Salvador Jaime, Nelson Roque, Arun Maharaj, Arturo Figueroa
The neuropsychological tests were performed on a 15-inch touchscreen monitor with a display refresh rate of 60 Hz positioned at ≈60 cm distance from the participant’s eyes. Simple and choice reaction time were recorded via the Deary-Liewald task.38 The mental rotation test and Stroop test were run using E-Prime (Psychology Software Tools, Inc.) and Psychology Experiment Building Language,39 respectively. The cognitive battery took approximately 2 hours to complete and tests were provided in the following order: (a) simple reaction time, evaluating processing speed; (b) choice reaction time, evaluating psychomotor speed; (c) Useful Field of View®, evaluating processing speed, divided attention, and selective attention; (d) Trail Making Test part A, evaluating visual scanning and psychomotor speed; (e) Trail Making Test part B, evaluating cognitive flexibility of executive function; (f) mental rotation test, evaluating figural spatial skill; and (g) Stroop test, evaluating inhibition control and selective attention (see Supplementary File 1 for description of cognitive assessments and screening measures).38,40–44
Executive Functioning Mediates Predictions of Youth Academic and Social Development from Parenting Behavior
Published in Developmental Neuropsychology, 2018
Michelle C. Fenesy, Steve S. Lee
At Wave 2, we administered the child version of the Trail Making Test (Reitan & Wolfson, 1992). Whereas Trail Making Test A involves drawing lines to connect numbered circles in sequential order from 1 to 15 as quickly as possible without making errors, Trail Making Test B (TMT B) requires individuals to connect numbers 1 through 13 and letters A through L in the proper numerical and alphabetical sequence. The time (min) to complete TMT B reflects set shifting (Reitan & Wolfson, 1992) and the score strongly loads onto a latent factor of this construct (Arán Filippetti & Richaud, 2017). Further, TMT B performance differentiates youth with ADHD and controls, suggesting its sensitivity to frontal lobe functioning (Martel, Nikolas, & Nigg, 2007). TMT B completion time was used to estimate set shifting in this study. We converted the number of seconds to complete TMT B to minutes and then reverse scored the measure so that higher scores represented better EF.
Examining the relationship between fatigue and cognition after stroke: A systematic review
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2018
Christodouli Lagogianni, Shirley Thomas, Nadina Lincoln
Seven studies used the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE; Folstein, Folstein, & McHugh, 1975) (Naess & Nyland, 2013; Park, Chun et al., 2009; Tang, Lu et al., 2010; Van Eijsden et al., 2012). Three studies used the Trail Making Test–Parts A and B (mental flexibility, visual search, speed of information processing and executive functions) (Army Individual Test Battery, 1944) (Johansson & Rönnbäck, 2012; Schepers et al., 2006; Winkens, Van Heugten, Fasotti, et al., 2009) to assess executive function. The rest are summarised in Table 7. The mean score on the MMSE across three studies (Naess & Nyland, 2013; Park, Chun et al., 2009; Van Eijsden et al., 2012) ranged from 28.0 (SD = 1.7) to 28.2 (SD = 2.1). Three studies (Kutlubaev et al., 2013; Schepers et al., 2006; Tang, Lu et al., 2010) reported that median on the MMSE ranged from 27 to 28. One study (Naess et al., 2005) reported that the majority of their participants scored ≥ 28 on the MMSE. The mean scores in the studies that used Trail Making Test ranged from 40.4 to 62.8 for Task A and from 83.7 to 153.9 for Task B with median of 123 for task B. All scores are presented in Table 7.