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Hip Pain
Published in Benjamin Apichai, Chinese Medicine for Lower Body Pain, 2021
Piriformis syndrome usually starts with tenderness, shooting, electrical sensation, tingling, or numbness in the buttocks, usually on one side only. Pain can be severe and extend down the length of the sciatic nerve.10
Diseases of the Peripheral Nerve and Mononeuropathies
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Diana Mnatsakanova, Charles K. Abrams
‘Piriformis syndrome’: Controversial syndrome.Theoretically, it is sciatic nerve compression by the piriformis muscle at the level of the sciatic notch.Symptoms include buttock and posterior thigh pain that is reproduced with maneuvers that stretch the sciatic nerve.No objective clinical, electrodiagnostic, or imaging evidence of nerve injury.
Compression Neuropathies
Published in Gary W. Jay, Practical Guide to Chronic Pain Syndromes, 2016
Sciatic neuropathy or sciatica is a symptom most usually referred to herniation of one to four discs. Depending on the disc that is herniated, the pain of the “sciatica” may be localized to the back or referred to the buttock or the leg. In addition to LS disc herniation, there may be other reasons for the entrapment of the roots that form the sciatic nerve. Stenosis, spondylolisthesis, trauma, spinal tumors, or other injuries may contribute to the condition. The piriformis syndrome is a singular etiology of sciatic pain since the sciatic nerve courses variably through the pirifomis muscle and/or under it. If and when this muscle becomes tight (or in spasm), such as in myofascitis, it may compress and entrap various components of the sciatic nerve.
Possibilities of kinesio taping to prevent injuries of professional dancers
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2019
KT was also effective in eliminating sacroiliac joint pain of recreational dancers, occurring in 13–25% of patients in the dance population [43]. Dancers and jumpers also often suffer from so-called jumper's knee. Jumpers using kinesio tape experienced significant reduction of knee pain on landing from countermovement jumps, increasing knee flexion during the decline squat and on landing from a countermovement jump [44]. Besides, dancers may suffer from piriformis syndrome caused by irritation of the sciatic nerve due to spasm of the piriformis muscle. The 72-h KT applied on the piriformis muscle trigger points relaxed the tensed muscle and significantly reduced pain syndrome in 33 patients [45].
An overlooked nerve in neuropathies associated with intragluteal injections: the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2022
Moreover, in the current study, the BMI was found to be lower in patients with PFCN lesions. In addition, as considered in piriformis syndrome, vasotoxicity, and perivascular edema due to injection in the inferior gluteal vein located in the near proximity of both nerves in the piriformis muscle inferior can contribute to the process of neuritis in both nerves [18]. The late onset of neurological deficits and presence of axonal damage in the current study patients with PFCN lesions suggest that there could be chemical and vascular neuritis rather than direct nerve injury.
Diffusion tensor imaging of the sciatic and femoral nerves in unilateral osteoarthritis of the hip and osteonecrosis of femoral head: Comparison of the affected and normal sides
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2019
Yasushi Wako, Junichi Nakamura, Shigeo Hagiwara, Michiaki Miura, Yawara Eguchi, Takane Suzuki, Sumihisa Orita, Kazuhide Inage, Yuya Kawarai, Masahiko Sugano, Kento Nawata, Kensuke Yoshino, Yoshitada Masuda, Koji Matsumoto, Seiji Ohtori
Based on these results, we suggest that DTI may be useful to differentiate hip diseases from lumbar nerve radiculopathy and piriformis syndrome. DTI has been applied to demyelinating diseases of the peripheral nerves [10], peripheral nerve tumors [12], and the entrapment of nerves such as carpal tunnel syndrome or radicular pain originating from a lumbar lesion [6,13,25]. Eguchi et al. reported that the mean FA values in entrapped nerve roots were lower than those in intact nerve roots [6]. Wada et al. reported that lumbar herniation or/and lumbar spinal stenosis resulted in mean FA values in the sciatic nerve of the femoral head region that were lower than those in intact nerves. They also reported that the piriformis syndrome patients had lower FA values in the entrapped sciatic nerve than in the intact nerves [14]. Patients with lumbar spinal disease and piriformis syndrome may also have radicular pain corresponding to the lower leg. Saito et al. reported four cases in which it was difficult to differentiate between lumbar spinal stenosis and hip arthritis, and clinicians may misdiagnose these conditions [26]. Although clinicians try to diagnose by physical findings (ex. absence of numbness), conventional MR imaging or other imaging examinations, it is difficult to differentiate the origin of lower leg pain in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis, piriformis syndrome, and hip joint diseases. These diseases can often coexist, such as hip–spine syndrome [27] and the localization of the hip pain can be variable [19,20]. The capsule of the hip joint is innervated by the obturator, femoral, sciatic, and superior gluteal nerves [28] and the mechanisms of hip pain are not fully understood. In order to differentiate between these conditions and hip joint diseases, we suggest that DTI might be useful to evaluate the sciatic and femoral nerves.