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Sciatica
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Sciatica is pain that radiates along the course of the longest and widest nerve in the body, the sciatic nerve. Sciatica is a symptom, not a diagnosis. There are several medical causes of sciatica, but it is most commonly a result of a bulging or herniated lumbar disk directly pressing on or inflaming a sciatic nerve root. Pain can extend from the low back into the buttock and down the side or back of the leg and, in severe cases, into the foot and toes. Tingling, numbness, or weakness may accompany the pain. Sciatica typically affects only one side of the body. There may or may not be associated neurological deficits on examination.
Low Back Pain
Published in Benjamin Apichai, Chinese Medicine for Lower Body Pain, 2021
The sciatic nerve is the largest and longest nerve in the human body. Every person has two sciatic nerves, the right and left nerves. The sciatic nerve is formed by the combination of five nerves in the lower lumbar and sacral spine—L4, L5, S1, S2, and S3.
Diseases of the Peripheral Nerve and Mononeuropathies
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Diana Mnatsakanova, Charles K. Abrams
‘Piriformis syndrome’: Controversial syndrome.Theoretically, it is sciatic nerve compression by the piriformis muscle at the level of the sciatic notch.Symptoms include buttock and posterior thigh pain that is reproduced with maneuvers that stretch the sciatic nerve.No objective clinical, electrodiagnostic, or imaging evidence of nerve injury.
Effects of Dexamethasone on Bupivacaine-Induced Peripheral Nerve Injection Injury in the Rat Sciatic Model
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Mehmet Selim Çömez, Yakup Borazan, Tümay Özgür, Cafer Tayer İşler, Mustafa Cellat, Mehmet Güvenç, Muhammed Enes Altuğ
Nerve injury activates the release of inflammatory mediators and increases the ectopic secretion from the nerve, thus contributes to the development of neuropathic pain.29–31 After nerve injury, the administration of a local corticosteroid for neuropathic pain may provide effective treatment depending on the suppression of the ectopic neural releases from the injured nerve.32 Eker et al.11 conducted a study with 5 patients, who had severe and persistent neuropathic pain due to accidental sciatic nerve injury. They evaluated the efficacy of sacral injection of 80 mg methylprednisolone + 1% lidocaine through S1-S2-S3 sacral foramens. They reported almost complete recovery from the neuropathic pain symptoms in all patients after a one-month follow-up.11These authors compared also methylprednisolone acetate + lidocaine and lidocaine monotherapy used for the peripheral nerve block to treat refractory neuropathic pain following the peripheral nerve injury and found that methylprednisolone + lidocaine treatment was superior to the lidocaine monotherapy regarding the decrease the pain intensity, neuropathic symptoms, and findings and need for analgesics.12 An et al.9 stated that perineural dexamethasone could prevent the development of the short-term bupivacaine-mediated rebound hyperalgesia when dmt added to bupivacaine.
Mechanical characteristics of BMSCs-intervened sciatic nerve in chronic alcohol-intoxicated animal model
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2021
Peng Li, Yudong Chen, Kun Yang, Dachuan Chen, Daliang Kong
The morphological observation of sciatic nerve in each group is shown in Figure 1. The results of morphological observation of sciatic nerve showed that in group CON, the sciatic nerve fibers were arranged neatly, the contents of axons and other contents were clear, and the axons were surrounded by the surrounding myelin sheath (Figure 1A). in group CA, the sciatic nerve fibers showed disorderly arrangement, the axons swelled with uneven thickness, together with axonal atrophy or even disappearing; some axons were accompanied with myelin segmental loss, cell edema, loose intercellular structure, and disorderly loose arrangement of dorsal root ganglion neuron cells (Figure 1B) in group CA-BMSCs, the majority of sciatic nerve fibers were normally arranged, and a small number of nerve fibers were slightly swollen, together with myelin loss in a small part of the axons and mild axonal atrophy. Minor dorsal root ganglion neurons showed loose arrangement and slightly loose intercellular structure (Figure 1C) In group CA-bFGF, most of the sciatic nerve fibers were arranged regularly, and a small number of nerve fibers were slightly swollen, together with myelin loss in a small part of the axons and mild axonal atrophy. Partial dorsal root ganglion neurons showed loose arrangement and slightly loose intercellular structure (Figure 1D).
The efficacy and safety of MR-HIFU and US-HIFU in treating uterine fibroids with the volume <300 cm3: a meta-analysis
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2021
Liang Yu, Shu Zhu, Huiyuan Zhang, Anqi Wang, Guodong Sun, JiaLe Liang, Xiuli Wang
Nevertheless, the prevalence of sciatic nerve pain and skin thermal injury in the MR-HIFU group was lower than that of the US-HIFU group. These adverse events were mainly associated with the reflection of the focused ultrasound within the pelvis and the location of the uterus and fibroids. On the one hand, the reflection of the focused ultrasound within the pelvic could focus energy on the abdominal skin in front of the surrounding nerve tissues. On the other hand, sciatic nerve pain was mainly related to the posterior uterus and fibroids in the posterior wall [36]. Compared with ultrasound, MRI was known to be more accurate in assessing deep tissue and the thickness of the abdominal wall [37]. Bone, nerve, and fat could be imaged, which was conducive to establish a safe acoustic channel to reduce unnecessary ultrasound reflection and nerve injury [24,25].