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Neuropsychiatry: brain injury, mental health–substance use
Published in David B Cooper, Practice in Mental Health—Substance Use, 2018
The World Health Organization ICD-10 classification for organic personality disorder is: This disorder is characterised by a significant alteration of the habitual patterns of premorbid behaviour. The expression of emotions, needs, and impulses is particularly affected. Cognitive functions may be defective mainly or even exclusiveley in the areas of planning and anticipating the likely personal and social consequences .. .9
The fundamentals of psychiatry
Published in Ben Green, Problem-based Psychiatry, 2018
Examples include: ➣ Dementia in Alzheimer’s disease — may be early or late onset. Vascular dementia (includes acute, multi-infarct, and subcortical types).➣ Dementia in the following: Pick’s disease; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; Huntingtons chorea; Parkinson’s disease; and HIV infection/AIDS.➣ Delirium (an acute organic brain syndrome with disorientation and clouding of consciousness).➣ Organic hallucinosis, e.g. caused by temporal lobe epilepsy, organic mood disorders, e.g. in Cushing’s syndrome, organic anxiety disorders, e.g. in phaeochromocytoma.➣ Organic personality disorder, e.g. frontal lobe tumours, which may disorganise personality; post-encephalitic syndromes and post-concussional syndromes.
Neurobehavioral Syndromes in Patients with Cerebrovascular Pathology
Published in José León-Carrión, Margaret J. Giannini, Behavioral Neurology in the Elderly, 2001
María Dolores Jiménez, Eva Cuartero, Jorge Moreno
Rage and violence after a CVA are extremely troubling problems because they cause management difficulties in the patient’s family and social environment. The World Health Organization (WHO), in its ICD-10, defines this as an organic personality disorder characterized by irritability and angry outbursts. This aggressiveness is usually manifested in the form of verbal and even physical assualts against patients’ caregivers and, more frequently, their partners. These patients are incapable of fully appreciating or describing their aggressive feelings.
Restrictive Practices in Adult Secure Mental Health Services: A Scoping Review
Published in International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 2022
Daniel Lawrence, Ruth Bagshaw, Daniel Stubbings, Andrew Watt
Turner and Mooney (2016) looked at variation in the use of seclusion between sexes and diagnoses. Average duration of seclusion for people diagnosed with Intellectual Disability (ID) was three times less than for those without ID. Male seclusions (any diagnosis) were twice as long as those for females. Further, ID diagnostic status interacted with service user sex because female service users diagnosed with ID spent less time in seclusion than all other groups but were secluded two-to-three times more frequently. Griffiths et al. (2018) also studied seclusion use finding that secluded service users were younger overall than non-secluded service users but did not differ in terms of gender or length of stay. The authors also considered Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) scores and found that this scale did not capture factors linked to seclusion for people with organic personality disorder diagnoses or Asperger’s syndrome. Whilst it did capture such for those with paranoid schizophrenia and emotionally unstable personality disorder, the ‘severe disturbance’ item alone accounted for this. Tomlin and colleagues (2020b) also studied the relationship between service user characteristics and restrictive practices and through using a number of measures found that when controlling for perceptions of ward atmosphere and quality of life, only diagnosis was able to predict how restrictive service users perceived their care to be. Compared to those with a diagnosis of mental illness, individuals with personality disorder diagnoses perceived their care to be more restrictive.
The pharmacologic treatment of problematic sexual interests, paraphilic disorders, and sexual preoccupation in adult men who have committed a sexual offence
Published in International Review of Psychiatry, 2019
Belinda Winder, J. Paul Fedoroff, Don Grubin, Kateřina Klapilová, Maxim Kamenskov, Douglas Tucker, Irina A. Basinskaya, Georgy E. Vvedensky
In Russia, studies were conducted by Vvedensky et al. (2011) on 80 adult males who had committed sexual offences and had been sentenced by court order to compulsory treatment. All participants had been admitted as sufficiently severely mentally disordered as to be classified as legally certifiable. In this regard, 39 of the participants were also diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, 23 with organic personality disorder, and 18 with an intellectual disability. These mental disorders were, in most cases, combined with alcohol or drug dependence. Two groups of patients were identified, including one which comprised 52 patients with paraphilias (25 with paedophilia and 27 with multiple deviant sexual preferences), and a second group of 28 patients who were non-paraphilic, but had been diagnosed with hypersexual disorder. All patients had been receiving 10 years of complex psychotropic medication treatment based on their individual diagnoses, including antidepressant, mood-stabilizing, and/or antipsychotic drug classes. Specific agents included SSRIs, lithium, carbamazepine, zuclopenthixol, amisulpride, risperidone, and/or pericyazine. All patients received testosterone-lowering medication to reduce sexual drive, including an average biweekly intramuscular dose of 300 mg of Cyproterone Acetate (CPA; Androcur depot). Side-effects in the first month included tiredness, apathy, drowsiness, a feeling of lack of air, and hot flushes for approximately a third of patients. Reported side-effects after 1–3 months included depression, anxiety, nervousness, and agitation in ∼15% of participants. Gynecomastia appeared in 8.75% after 6 months of treatment. After 8 months of treatment, metabolic and alimentary disorders were reported in just under a quarter of participants.
The association between slow cortical potentials preceding antisaccades and disturbances of consciousness in persons with paraphilic sexual behaviour
Published in International Review of Psychiatry, 2019
Anna V. Kirenskaya, Maxim Kamenskov
The co-morbid mental disorders in the ISC and NSC groups are presented in Table 1. These included organic personality disorder (30.4% and 44.4%), dependence syndrome (8.7% and 11.1%), paranoid schizophrenia (8.7% and 0%), schizotypal disorder (13% and 11.1%), and mixed personality disorders (34.8% and 0%). Dependence syndrome was diagnosed in single cases only. Multiple disorders of sexual preference had been diagnosed in the ISC group more often than in the NSC group. However, paedophilia was more often observed in the NSC group. No symptoms of depression and anxiety were found in paraphilic subjects at the time of investigation.