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Paper 3
Published in Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw, The Final FRCR, 2020
Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw
Germinal matrix haemorrhage occurs in premature infants; after around 36 weeks gestation the germinal matrix is no longer present. It is frequently detected on neonatal cranial ultrasound as hyperechoic areas in the caudothalamic groove adjacent to the ventricles. Germinal matrix haemorrhage is graded I to IV in severity. Grade I is limited to the caudothalamic groove, grade II is intraventricular extension without hydrocephalus, grade III is intraventricular extension with ventricular dilatation and grade IV is parenchymal involvement, which is associated with high mortality.
Logistic Regression
Published in Marcello Pagano, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Principles of Biostatistics, 2018
Marcello Pagano, Kimberlee Gauvreau
Suppose that we are interested in identifying factors that influence the probability that a low birth weight infant will experience a germinal matrix hemorrhage—a hemorrhage in the brain. Germinal matrix hemorrhage is a dichotomous random variable that takes the value 1 if this event occurs and 0 if it does not. We use the sample of 100 low birth weight infants born in Boston, Massachusetts, to estimate the probability of a hemorrhage [3].
Alterations in motor functional connectivity in Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
Published in Brain Injury, 2022
Li Jiang, Dina El-Metwally, Chandler Sours Rhodes, Jiachen Zhuo, Ranyah Almardawi, Alexandre E Medina, Li Wang, Rao P. Gullapalli, Prashant Raghavan
Four out of 16 neonates in the HIE group and 0/11 neonates in the control group demonstrated abnormalities on conventional MRI. A summary of structural abnormalities is shown in Table 2. Of the four neonates with abnormal MRI scans, 3 neonates demonstrated signal abnormalities in the posterior limbs of the internal capsules. Abnormalities of the basal ganglia and thalami were present in three. Abnormalities of the cerebral cortex were present in two. No significant white matter abnormalities were noted. One neonate demonstrated a small area of grade 1 germinal matrix hemorrhage bilaterally. No structural abnormalities were present on conventional MR images of the control group.
Intraperitoneal cannabidiol attenuates neonatal germinal matrix hemorrhage-induced neuroinflamation and perilesional apoptosis
Published in Neurological Research, 2019
Timóteo Abrantes De Lacerda Almeida, Marcelo Volpon Santos, Luiza Da Silva Lopes, Gunjan Goel, Renato Leonardo De Freitas, Priscila De Medeiros, José Alexandre Crippa, Hélio Rubens Machado
The incidence of germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is approximately 3.5 per 1,000 live births and has remained stable in the past 20 years, after a reduction of approximately 50% in the 1980’s[1]. GMH occurs in approximately 45% of preterm infants weighing between 500 and 700 g [2]. It is well known that the pathogenesis of germinal matrix hemorrhage is intrinsically related to prematurity. The pathogenesis of GMH lies in the immaturity of vessels of the subependymal region at the head of the caudate nucleus, as well as disorders of local blood flow, and changes in the coagulation cascade and platelet activity [3].
A Case of Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type II With Additional Balanced Translocation t(1;20)(p13;p11.2)
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2019
Nasma K. Majeed, Diana Oramas, Valerie Lindgren, Steven Garzon, Dr. Elizabeth Wiley, Christopher Enakpene, Rajyasree Emmadi
The brain weighed 150 g (Reference: 112 ± 37 g) in the fresh state with an immature gyral pattern and a poorly demarcated gray-white matter junction consistent with fetal age. The hemispheres and white matter structures were symmetrical with bilateral foci of Grade 1 subependymal germinal matrix hemorrhage. Microscopy showed immature brain tissue with focal meningeal glioneuronal heterotopias but no perivenous calcifications (Fig. 2).