China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Antimicrobials during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Among 63 women who had COVID-19 infection in pregnancy, no evidence of vertical transmission was observed, and infants were born alive with normal birth weight. Preterm birth was 18 percent compared to 8 percent in controls (p = 0.11) (Edlow et al., 2020). The CDC, ACOG and Society for Maternal; Fetal Medicine support vaccination for pregnant women (Rasmussen et al., 2021). Of 3958, women who were women who were in a COVID-19 pregnancy registry 827 had a completed pregnancy of those vaccinated in the first trimester. 712 (86.1 percent) of 827 conceptions resulted in a live birth. 115 (13.9 percent) were a pregnancy loss. Neonatal outcomes were preterm birth (9.4 percent) and small size for gestational age (3.2 percent), with no neonatal deaths. Proportion of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes among gravidas vaccinated against COVID-19 was similar to incidences before the COVID-19 pandemic (Shimabukuro et al., 2021). This included 46 spontaneous abortions (46/712, 5.6 percent).
Prelabor Rupture Of Membranes At Or Near Term
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Obstetric Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
The risk factors associated with rupture of fetal membranes include low socioeconomic status, low body mass index (BMI) <19.8 kg/m2, nutritional deficiencies of ascorbic acid and copper, connective tissue disorders, smoking, cold knife cone biopsy, cervical cerclage, pulmonary disease, uterine overdistension, and amniocentesis [1]. In addition, pregnant women with a previous preterm birth, midtrimester short cervix, and preterm labor are at increased risk for PROM; however, the majority of cases have no identifiable cause [1].
Racism and Racial Disparity in Obstetrics
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Ukachi N. Emeruwa, Emily Rosenthal, Allison S. Bryant
Group prenatal care, which incorporates social support into regular care, has been associated with decreased risk of preterm birth and reduction of racial disparity associated with preterm birth for Black patients.
Impact of prolonged use of adjuvant tocolytics after cervical cerclage on late abortion and premature delivery
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2023
Li-Rong Zhao, Shu-Jing Lu, Qing Liu, Ying-Chun Yu, Li Xiao
Neonatal outcomes are related to gestational age at delivery. Preterm birth leads to severe complications in newborns (Raia et al. 2020). Gestational age is a critical factor affecting the development of premature infants. The risk of mortality and morbidity of newborns is related to the gestational age (Zhang et al. 2020), which means the lower the gestational age, the higher the risk of mortality and morbidity (Yu et al. 2020). Neonatal survival rate can be increased by 3% for each delayed day at 22–26 weeks of gestation (Lamont et al. 2016)and reaches 90% when the gestational age is delayed to 30 weeks (Chen et al. 2014). Jiang ZD (Jiang and Chen 2014) and Liu et al. (Liu et al. 2013) reported that more than half of the surviving infants had varying degrees of physical disabilities. Premature infants are also at risk of underdeveloped cognitive abilities (Spittle et al. 2012). The gestational age of more than 34 weeks is a common milestone of foetal development and maturity. Obstetricians should therefore plan to prolong the gestational age, and improve the survival rate and quality of life of premature infants.
Managing the child born preterm after hospital discharge
Published in Speech, Language and Hearing, 2023
Katherine Sanchez, Alaina Martens, Emily Zimmerman
Parents whose infant spent time in the NICU are at heightened risk to develop psychopathological symptoms from this experience with mental and physical health changes more prevalent in mothers and both parents experiencing a high rate of depression during NICU hospitalization (Malouf et al., 2022; Salomè et al., 2022). In addition, the mother is separated from her infant during an optimal period of bonding while she herself recovers from giving birth, which may in turn affect caregiver-infant bonding and attachment. The caregiver-infant relationship is important for proper infant growth and development. There is evidence that preterm birth can have a significant negative impact on caregiver-infant interaction, and that controlling interactions are more common in dyads where the infant was born preterm (Forcada-Guex, Pierrehumbert, Borghini, Moessinger, & Muller-Nix, 2006; Misund, Bråten, Nerdrum, Pripp, & Diseth, 2016). Further, these controlling interactions have been linked to poorer developmental outcomes (Forcada-Guex et al., 2006).
Serum Copeptin Levels in Threatened Preterm Labor
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2021
Ozlem Banu Tulmac, Cemile Dayangan Sayan, Zeynep Ozcan Dag, Yuksel Oguz, Gulenay Gencosmanoglu, Turhan Caglar, Ucler Kisa
Only 10% of subjects with a diagnosis of preterm labor give preterm birth [1]. Cervical length measurement and fetal fibronectin (FFN) test are used in the prediction of preterm labor [2]. These methods can differentiate only a proportion of subjects who are prone to preterm labor. Cervical length measurement has a sensitivity of 35–70% in predicting preterm delivery, which varies based on the risk of preterm labor in the sample population [3, 4]. FFN is an extracellular glycoprotein found in the amniotic membranes, decidua, and cytotrophoblasts. It is found in the cervical and vaginal secretions of all pregnant women, but elevated levels (≥50 ng/mL) carry an increased risk for spontaneous preterm delivery. The use of FFN test alone is not recommended [5]; however, its sensitivity may reach up to 76% when used in a selected population with preterm labor [6]. Hence, additional methods are needed for better prediction of preterm birth.