China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Neurology
Published in Kaji Sritharan, Jonathan Rohrer, Alexandra C Rankin, Sachi Sivananthan, Essential Notes for Medical and Surgical Finals, 2021
Kaji Sritharan, Jonathan Rohrer, Alexandra C Rankin, Sachi Sivananthan
Main cause is stroke, but dysphasia is also a feature of some dementias and other pathology affecting the dominant perisylvian areas: Broca’s aphasia: non-fl uent speech, agrammatism, sound errors (phonemic paraphasias), relatively intact comprehension, problems with naming (anomia), poor repetitionWernicke’s aphasia: fl uent speech, meaning errors (semantic paraphasias) and neologisms (‘jargon’) more than sound errors, impaired comprehension, anomia, poor repetitionConduction aphasia: fl uent spontaneous speech but particular difficulties in repeating words with phonemic paraphasias, normal grammar, intact comprehension, may have mild anomia
The role of the nurse in the assessment, diagnosis and management of patients with dementia
Published in Stephen Curran, John P. Wattis, Practical Management of Dementia, 2018
This information can be collected over time across the 24-hour care period and evaluated in the context of that person’s unique identity and life history. It may be useful to consider a range of questions. Does the behaviour represent the psychological, physical or emotional expression of pain or distress?Is the person’s previous ability to communicate verbally altered in the presence of dysphasia?Is the person experiencing sensory deficits?Does the behaviour occur at a particular time?Is it in response to a particular situation or person?Is it related to communication between the person and others?Is it related to care-giving interventions?Is it related to external stimuli in the environment?Is the person fulfilling a psychological/emotional/physical need by this behaviour?
Ethical issues in stroke management
Published in Gurcharan S Rai, Jeremy Playfer, Marshall B Kapp, Gurdeep S Rai, Iva Blackman, Medical Ethics and the Elderly, 2018
Jonathan Birns, Gurcharan S Rai
It should be remembered that a person must be assumed to have capacity unless it is established that he or she lacks capacity and that a person is not to be treated as unable to make a decision unless all practicable steps to help him or her to do so have been taken without success. This is particularly important in stroke patients with dysphasia whose communicative ability is limited. Skilled patient assessment by healthcare professionals, including speech and language therapists, may establish that the patient can communicate their wishes in some way. In such cases, decisions about placement should be delayed until appropriate specialist assessments have been undertaken. It should also be borne in mind that an act done, or decision made, under the Mental Capacity Act for or on behalf of a person who lacks capacity must be done, or made, in his or her best interests.14
Aneurysm inside meningioma: an unusual association
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023
Costanzo De Bonis, Roberto Gazzeri, Leonardo Gorgoglione, Vincenzo Antonio d’Angelo
We present a case of a 65 years old woman who presented with progressive headache, vomiting and dysphasia. Brain MRI and head CT with contrast enhancement showed a left temporal tumor with an intratumoral aneurysm and perilesional hemorrhage (Figures 1 and 2). She underwent a left frontotemporal craniotomy; an extra-axial, highly vascularized tumor was exposed. On the anterior pole of the tumor, we observed a saccular aneurysm, of about 7 mm, originating from a terminal branch of the middle cerebral artery, with the parent vessel with the aneurysm feeding the tumor. After devascularization of the tumor and coagulation of the parent branch of the middle cerebral artery, a total removal of the meningioma with the associated aneurysm was performed. Dysphasia improved after surgery and the patient was subsequently discharged home without any complications.
Laser interstitial thermal therapy for treatment of cerebral radiation necrosis
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2020
Christopher S. Hong, Jason M. Beckta, Adam J. Kundishora, Aladine A. Elsamadicy, Veronica L. Chiang
Subsequently, several groups published anecdotal institutional experience demonstrating success treating biopsy-proven RN with LITT. Rahmathulla et al. described the first case of biopsy-proven RN treated with LITT (Table 1) [33]. A 74 year-old male had previously undergone SRS for a left centrum semiovale brain metastasis from known non-small cell lung cancer. This lesion subsequently regrew causing dysphasia. Imaging findings, including PET-CT, were consistent with RN that was refractory to prolonged, high-dose steroid therapy. Medical therapies for RN were contraindicated due to his significant co-morbidities which included renal dysfunction, hypertension, and coronary artery disease requiring antiplatelet medications. Surgical resection was also felt to be high risk given patient comorbidities as well as the lesion’s deep location and that standard surgical access would transgress eloquent cortex and white matter. The patient was therefore offered LITT. Intra-operative biopsy showed histopathological findings of RN without evidence of viable tumor cells. The patient was discharged within 48 h of surgery, experienced symptom improvement, and was successfully weaned off of steroids within 2 weeks. Two-month follow-up MRI findings demonstrated mild increase in enhancing lesion size but almost complete resolution of perilesional edema.
An investigation into the relationship between Quality of pantomime gestures and visuospatial skills
Published in Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 2020
Ellen Rombouts, Bea Maes, Inge Zink
Inclusion criteria for participants with Williams syndrome were (a) genetically confirmed diagnosis of Williams syndrome, and (b) chronological age between 8 and 23. Inclusion criteria for the participants with developmental language disorder were (a) a diagnosis of developmental language disorder (in Belgium the diagnosis is called “developmental dysphasia”), and (b) chronological age between 7 and 9;11. This diagnosis entailed that they had a performance IQ score above 85; and that they did not have an acquired neurological disorder, motor disorder, or psychological/psychiatric disorder. In addition, they had a persistent language disorder with little improvement after nine months of intensive language therapy, and they either scored below the 3rd percentile in at least one language subtest or below the 10th percentile in two language subtests. Exclusion criteria were diagnoses of autism or attention deficit disorder. For the participants with typical development there was one additional exclusion criterion: ever having received language therapy. Multilingualism was not an exclusion criterion. Because Williams syndrome is a rare condition, only 15 individuals were eligible for the study, and one individual chose not to participate. For each of the other participant groups, 25 individuals were recruited.