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Early detection of dementia
Published in Stephen Curran, John P. Wattis, Practical Management of Dementia, 2018
Sonja Krüger, Miguel A. Bertoni, Stephen Curran
More recently, two subtests (paired associate learning and delayed matching) of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) identified all cases of early AD that subsequently met diagnostic criteria for AD.29
MRCPsych Paper A1 Mock Examination 2: Questions
Published in Melvyn WB Zhang, Cyrus SH Ho, Roger Ho, Ian H Treasaden, Basant K Puri, Get Through, 2016
Melvyn WB Zhang, Cyrus SH Ho, Roger CM Ho, Ian H Treasaden, Basant K Puri
Options:Mini Mental State ExaminationCambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated BatteryBlessed Dementia ScaleGeriatric Mental State ScheduleClifton Assessment ScheduleVineland Social Maturity Scale
Some psychobiological implications of cannabis use
Published in Philip N. Murphy, The Routledge International Handbook of Psychobiology, 2018
The n-back task requires participants to indicate if the stimulus presented on one trial is identical or not to the stimulus presented on the previous trial (i.e., 1-back) or two trials previously (i.e., 2-back), and is a commonly used test of working memory. Stimuli may be either verbal or nonverbal. Two neuroimaging studies have shown that cannabis users and controls did not differ regarding performance or brain activation patterns on this task with letters as stimuli, although there was some evidence for an increase in activity in relevant brain regions being associated with increased cannabis consumption, with task performance not showing any impairment (Cousijn et al., 2013, 2014). Significantly poorer performance by cannabis users compared to controls on a verbal 2-back test was reported by Herzig et al. (2014), although the required minimum cannabis abstinence period was only 2 hours in this study. A mean abstinence period in excess of 24 hours was in fact reported, although four participants had used cannabis between 2 hours and 6 hours prior to testing. Verdejo-Garcia and colleagues (2013) reported no performance impairments in cannabis users on an n-back task incorporating 1-back, 2-back, and 3-back procedures employing circles as target stimuli with spatial position as the determinant of a ‘same/different’ response. The washout period in this study was 72 hours, with medication given for the control of any withdrawal symptoms. Using a different test of spatial memory, Harvey and colleagues (2007) reported spatial working memory deficits (as measured by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery: CANTAB) in regular adolescent cannabis users aged between 13 and 18 years, compared to occasional users in the same age range, with a minimum requested abstinence period of 12 hours. The age range in this study was markedly younger than that of 18 to 30 years used by Verdejo-Garcia and colleagues (2013), but the difference in task employed makes it difficult to comment further on the possible contribution of age to the different results reported for spatial memory. Furthermore, neither of these studies explored the potentially confounding effects of other lifetime drug use in detail. Cannabis use has been shown to have no relationship to spatial memory performance on computer-generated grid tasks in studies of young adults (over 18 years of age) using both ecstasy (MDMA) and cannabis (Montgomery & Fisk, 2008; Wareing et al., 2004). Both studies reported spatial memory performance impairments to be related to ecstasy use.
L-Threonic Acid Magnesium Salt Supplementation in ADHD: An Open-Label Pilot Study
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2021
Craig Surman, Carrie Vaudreuil, Heidi Boland, Lauren Rhodewalt, Maura DiSalvo, Joseph Biederman
Safety and effectiveness measures were obtained across visits occurring at baseline and weeks 3,6,9, and 12, including the AISRS, CGI, Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), tolerability (AEs), and safety (vital signs). A urine drug screen and pregnancy test occurred at baseline and weeks 6 and 12. Blood samples were tested for red blood cell magnesium levels at the screening visit and at study endpoint. Phone contact occurred on weeks between study visits to inquire about study drug adherence. Neuropsychological assessment with Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) (at screening or baseline, week 6 and 12) was conducted at weeks 0 and six and at study endpoint. At baseline and week 12 we administered the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function – Adult Form (BRIEF-A) and the Adult Self-Report Form (ASR), Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence- II (WASI-II) Matrix and full-scale IQ, and the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Trail-making subtest, which measures flexibility of thinking on a visual-motor sequencing task (Delis et al. 2001; Achenback and Rescorla 2003; Roth et al. 2005; Wechsler 2011).
The Effect of Cognitive Rehabilitation on Balance Skills of Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
Published in Occupational Therapy In Health Care, 2021
Mojtaba Azimian, Zahra Yaghoubi, Mina Ahmadi Kahjoogh, Nazila Akbarfahimi, Hojjat Allah Haghgoo, Mohsen Vahedi
With participants in both groups received usual occupational therapy, those in the intervention group participated in Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) (Robbins et al., 1994) tests. CANTAB system consists of tasks related to working memory, learning and executive function, attention, information processing, reaction time, social and emotion recognition, decision making, response control and visual, and verbal and episodic memory (Lenehan et al., 2016; Robbins et al., 1994). These tests are language-independent, culturally neutral, and noninvasive for the participants. In this study, we used several tasks, including: Motor Screening Task (MOT; measuring speed and accuracy of the motor), Reaction Time (RTI; showing the participant’s simple/choice reaction time), Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVP, examining visual sustained attention by showing random numbers), Paired Associates Learning (PAL; testing individuals’ working memory by requiring them to perform multi-step tasks) and Spatial Working Memory (SWM; examining spatial working memory by manipulating the colored boxes). Each of these tasks has different modes, performed according to individuals’ ability.
A Mediterranean diet supplemented with dairy foods improves mood and processing speed in an Australian sample: results from the MedDairy randomized controlled trial
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2020
Alexandra T. Wade, Courtney R. Davis, Kathryn A. Dyer, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Richard J. Woodman, Hannah A. D. Keage, Karen J. Murphy
A set of cognitive tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB)38 was administered to evaluate cognitive function across these domains. Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVIP) and Attention Switching Task (AST) were administered to test attention; Reaction Time (RTI) was administered to test processing speed; Paired Associates Learning (PAL), Delayed Matching to Sample (DMS), Verbal Recognition Memory (VRM) and Spatial Working Memory (SWM) were administered to test memory; and One Touch Stockings of Cambridge (OTS) was administered to test planning. Learning effects were addressed through the use of parallel versions of each test where possible. The test–retest reliability (r) of the chosen tests range from an r = 0.54 (RTI) to r = 0.87 (PAL).39