China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease
Published in Robert E. Becker, Ezio Giacobini, Alzheimer Disease, 2020
The lack of specificity and selectivity of routine electroencephalography has led to the development of quantitative EEG that employs Fourier analysis to produce a color-coded topographic map of the distribution of activity in the beta, alpha, theta, and delta bands (EEG brain mapping). Topographic mapping has also been applied to the long-latency, event-related potentials that result from auditory and visual stimuli. The general utility of these methods has been hotly debated and has been the subject of a recent position paper from the American Academy of Neurology (1989). Even the strongest proponents of electrophysiologic studies warn of the limitations and uncertainties of these methods and condemn the practice of interpreting an EEG brain map without a routine EEG and without control data (Duffy 1989).
Functional Neuroimaging of the Central Auditory System
Published in Stavros Hatzopoulos, Andrea Ciorba, Mark Krumm, Advances in Audiology and Hearing Science, 2020
David L. McPherson, Richard Harris, David Sorensen
MRI (fMRI) and Brain mapping: Represent the same measurements and differ only by the two different methods of imaging.fMRI shows greater spatial resolution than brain mapping.Brain mapping shows greater temporal resolution than fMRI.Noise contamination is essentially non-existence in MRI acquisition thereby increasing its image quality.Both fMRI and brain mapping are recording images of activity reflected at the scalp due to the columnar alignment of neurons.
Functional Image-Guided Neurosurgery
Published in Andrei I. Holodny, Functional Neuroimaging, 2019
Cameron W. Brennan, Nicole M. Petrovich Brennan
Nearly two decades after the advent of PET imaging, it was shown that MRI could also measure brain activity through changes in the magnetic susceptibility that accompany fluctuations in blood oxygenation during brain activity (16). Measurement of this blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal during specific functional tasks is the basis of BOLD fMRI. It has several important advantages over PET for presurgical mapping: it is less invasive and can be combined with anatomical imaging, has better spatial and temporal resolution, and can be used to test multiple functions serially in one study. For these main reasons, in addition to cost and availability, fMRI has entered mainstream use and is the most common technique of functional brain mapping for neurosurgical planning.
Use of neuroimaging to measure neurocognitive engagement in health professions education: a scoping review
Published in Medical Education Online, 2022
Serkan Toy, Dana D Huh, Joshua Materi, Julie Nanavati, Deborah A. Schwengel
Notably, research questions can lend themselves to one imaging modality or another. Both fMRI and fNIRS are brain mapping techniques that rely on hemodynamic response for capturing neurocognitive processes. fMRI provides high spatial resolution for exploring activation patterns of specific brain regions associated with various cognitive tasks. When the study goal is to look for temporal effects, fNIRS is better than fMRI. However, both have relatively low temporal resolution compared to EEG, which offers temporal resolution on the order of milliseconds for examining task-related brain activation patterns. See Table 3 for more comparisons between neuroimaging modalities. Some groups have explored options of combining measurement modalities to optimize temporal and spatial resolution however logistical impediments remain an important barrier.
Improved Visual Function in a Case of Ultra-low Vision following Ischemic Encephalopathy Using Transcranial Electrical Stimulation; A Brief Report
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2021
Ali-Mohammad Kamali, Mohammad Javad Gholamzadeh, Seyedeh Zahra Mousavi, Maryam Vasaghi Gharamaleki, Mohammad Nami
In general, the application of a novel method with a proper safety profile resulting in a sustained improvement in visual function (at least over a 20 months of follow-up) was the highlight of our study. Meanwhile, more investigation is needed to assess the patient’s vision improvement in a long-term period. Most of the previous studies have articulated the effect of common neurovisual rehabilitation strategies in adults whilst such reports in the pediatric population are scant. Since CVI is an important cause of vision loss in children, it is also necessary to evaluate and recommend the rehabilitation approaches in children and young adults.25 In addition, the employment of noninvasive brain stimulation as a therapeutic approach for visual rehabilitation has not been the case in our setting yet. Other than the above, based on some recent reports, CVI can be characterized as a condition of dorsal stream dysfunction or dorsal stream vulnerability which appears to be the most common type of visual processing impairment observed in children with such a condition. This needs to be focused upon future studies which employ neuroscience imaging approaches including quantitative electroencephalography-included brain mapping26
Beyond Epilepsy: How Can Quantitative Electroencephalography Improve Conventional Electroencephalography Findings? A Systematic Review of Comparative EEG Studies
Published in The Neurodiagnostic Journal, 2018
Cassio Henrique Taques Martins, Catarina De Marchi Assunção
A systematic review was performed on the MEDLINE database using the search strategy: (Nervous System Diseases) AND (Electroencephalography[Title] OR EEG[Title]) AND (Brain Mapping[Title/Abstract] OR Quantitative[Title/Abstract]) AND (comparative study). The authors individually and carefully analyzed by title and abstract each one of the retrieved articles. Selected articles were only those categorized very clearly in their abstract that they were comparative studies between the use of conventional EEG and QEEG and written in the English language. The present review focused on the possibility of observing diagnostic differences between QEEG over traditional EEG. Hence, comparison studies between QEEG and any other imaging techniques for brain mapping, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), diffusion MRI (dMRI), magnetoencephalography (MEG), positron emission tomography (PET), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), were excluded. Studies older than 30 years were also excluded from the discussion. After articles were selected by the above criteria, careful analysis of each selected article’s full text was performed. When the data allowed, “exact” Clopper-Pearson confidence intervals (CIs) for sensitivity were calculated so that the EEG methods could be statistically compared.