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Neurologic Diagnosis
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
This is defined as a distinctive waveform that is separate from the background and known to be associated with epileptic seizures. EEG is of critical importance in the diagnosis of epilepsy and in defining the type of epileptic seizures and the epilepsy syndrome. Epileptiform activity is most importantly defined by what it is not; not a spiky artifact or spiky normal variant. Artifact has many causes, may mimic almost any EEG pattern, and is highly likely if a finding is confined to a single electrode.
When to Treat Seizures
Published in Stanley R. Resor, Henn Kutt, The Medical Treatment of Epilepsy, 2020
Is Gowers correct in his supposition that seizures beget seizures and treatment actually modifies the course of the illness (22)? There are corollaries to this question. Does one also worry about electrical seizures or epileptiform EEG phenomena? To answer these questions it is necessary to differentiate between suppression of seizures (an antiseizure effect) and a true “curative effect” (an effect manifested by alteration of the basic pathophysiology responsible for epilepsy) of AEDs. There are few data available on this topic, and much of it is conflicting.
Future of Non-Invasive BCIs
Published in Teodiano Freire Bastos-Filho, Introduction to Non-Invasive EEG-Based Brain–Computer Interfaces for Assistive Technologies, 2020
Recently, EEG dry electrodes have arisen in the market, which makes unnecessary the use of gel, paste, or saline, however, in a very expensive cost: a cap with 16 dry electrodes and accessories for EEG acquisition can cost some thousands of US dollars. In addition, some of these dry electrodes can cause pain, due to the high level of contact pressure on the head produced especially by using comb electrodes with pointy tips. Other kinds of EEG headsets also cause pain, although in lower level [28,29].
Driver drowsiness detection methods using EEG signals: a systematic review
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Raed Mohammed Hussein, Firas Sabar Miften, Loay E. George
Electroencephalography (EEG) is a neuroimaging method that measures the brain's electrical activity. It enables vital medical diagnostic and brain research investigations. Despite its sensitivity to noise, EEG is the most effective method for recording and analyzing brain activity because it is non-invasive, portable, cost-effective, relatively simple to use, and has an exceptional temporal resolution of less than one millisecond (Gevins et al. 1999). EEG utilizes electrodes placed on the scalp to measure the brain's electrical activity. The recorded signal waves contain valuable information about the brain's health. EEG records electric potential differences of tens of microvolts (μV) reaching the scalp when pyramidal neurons generate tiny excitatory postsynaptic potentials in the brain's cortical layers. Numerous electrode positioning systems are typically utilized for EEG signal recording. The EEG signal processing and analysis consist of four steps:Preprocessing the raw signals with filtering or other techniquesExtracting the essential information in the form of featuresApplying feature selection methods for more optimized resultsAnalyzing the results
Ellen R. Grass Lecture: Disparities in Access to Neurodiagnostic Testing
Published in The Neurodiagnostic Journal, 2023
The additional time required to interpret EEG studies outside of your own network is associated with financial and physician burden. Whether reimbursement covers physician costs depends on reimbursement rate, physician compensation, and how efficiently studies can be interpreted. Offering EEG interpretation services in exchange for the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) professional fee can result in a net loss. For example, a routine EEG performed within your own institution with efficient network connectivity can probably be interpreted in under 15 minutes, while an outside EEG can require up to 30 minutes of physician time. For cEEG studies requiring numerous reviews per day, the time difference is compounded. Based on CMS professional reimbursement for routine and cEEG (the most common payor in rural areas), a straightforward in-network study can generate a small amount of revenue or, at the least, break even, while an out-of-network study often results in a loss. For salaried physicians where outside studies are additional, non-compensated work, there may not be an initial financial impact, but this translates into longer work hours for already overburdened clinical neurophysiologists resulting in the indirect costs of physician burnout. In order to sustain tele-EEG services, it is crucial to ensure reasonable compensation, adequate physician time, and resources to optimize efficiency.
Brain activity during meditation in first-time meditators
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2023
Maciej Śliwowski, Paulina Jastrzębska, Paweł Holas, Jarosław Żygierewicz, Piotr Suffczyński
After the end of the experiment, subjects responded to a questionnaire about their subjective experiences during the experiment. The questionnaire included the following questions:Did you follow the recording instructions most of the time? (Yes/No)Were you disturbed by the voice on the recording, making it challenging to do the exercise? (Yes/No)Did you feel any discomfort due to the EEG recording? (Yes/No)During the exercise, was your attention recurrently distracted by any other issues not related to the experiment? (Yes/No)Do you remember any special feelings associated with the experiment?