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Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
James A. Mastrianni, Elizabeth A. Harris
Dementia, usually of the subcortical type and includes: Memory impairment – primarily retrieval, rather than encoding deficits (patients do better than AD patients on recognition memory tasks).Bradyphrenia – slowness of thought processing.Decreased attention.Executive dysfunction.
Mesolimbic Motor Circuit in Parkinson’s Disease and Other Movement Disorders
Published in Peter W. Kalivas, Charles D. Barnes, Limbic Motor Circuits and Neuropsychiatry, 2019
Bradyphrenia is a general slowing of cognitive processing associated with impaired concentration and inattention, although memory is preserved. It may occur in patients with PD in the absence of other cognitive symptoms that would suggest a more global dementing illness. Bradyphrenia may be related to the degree of motor impairment, but improvement in motor symptoms with l-dopa may not alter bradyphrenia.49 Bradyphrenia has also been correlated with the presence of depression, suggesting a common substrate as well.49
EMI – neurology
Published in Bhaskar Punukollu, Michael Phelan, Anish Unadkat, MRCPsych Part 1 In a Box, 2019
Bhaskar Punukollu, Michael Phelan, Anish Unadkat
For each of the conditions described below, choose the most likely diagnosis from the list of options. Each option may be used once, more than once or not at all. The patient displayed bradyphrenia, irritability and was socially withdrawn; physically he suffered from axial rigidity, and falls occurred early on during the course of the disease.The 39-year-old patient was referred for psychotic symptoms, during the examination constant irregular movements of his fingers and toes were noted. He could not hold his tongue steady when asked to stick it out.The 54-year-old patient was somnolent, when woken up she was not orientated to time, place or person and when asked to hold her arms and hands outstretched her hands and fingers would often briefly sink down and come up again.
Mycobacterium avium complex and Cryptococcus neoformans co-infection in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a case report
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2022
Emilien Gregoire, Benoit François Pirotte, Filip Moerman, Antoine Altdorfer, Laura Gaspard, Eric Firre, Martial Moonen, Gilles Darcis
A 28-year-old Belgian Caucasian patient presented at the emergency department complaining about anorexia, dysphagia, weight loss (more than 10% in 6 months), low-grade fever and headache for several weeks. His medical history consisted of uncomplicated gastro-jejunal by-pass surgery at the age of 18. The patient reported unprotected sex, including insertive and receptive anal intercourse with several male partners during the last few years. HIV test was never performed in the past. There was no history of tobacco use nor recreational drug use. Alcohol consumption was occasional. Vital signs at admission showed tachycardia at 130 beats per minute and central temperature of 37.8°C. Arterial blood pressure and oxygen saturation breathing room air were within normal range. At clinical examination, the patient was conscious and well oriented in time and space, but he showed bradyphrenia and irritability. He was cachectic and had pale teguments and dry skin. Oral thrush on posterior tongue and soft palate was a sign of oral candidiasis. Swollen motile sub centimetric lymph nodes were palpable in the neck, axillary pits and groin area. Ophthalmic examination demonstrated deficit in abduction of left eye, sign of palsy of the sixth facial nerve. The rest of the physical examination was normal.
Identifying and responding to fatigue and apathy in Parkinson’s disease: a review of current practice
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2020
Claudia Lazcano-Ocampo, Yi Min Wan, Daniel J van Wamelen, Lucia Batzu, Iro Boura, Nataliya Titova, Valentina Leta, Mubasher Qamar, Pablo Martinez-Martin, K Ray Chaudhuri
On the other hand, the relationship between apathy and executive function [22], depression [21,22], and sleep disturbances [22] implicates additional non-dopaminergic origins. Mayeux et al. found a correlation between the CSF concentration of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), the major metabolite of noradrenaline, and cognitive measures of bradyphrenia [49], which advocates that bradyphrenia (which is similar to the concept of apathy) in PD may be related to dysfunction of catecholaminergic pathways and the locus coeruleus. Evidence of a disruption in the serotonergic systems is also revealed by the 2016 study in de novo PD, when 15 patients with apathy primarily demonstrated greater serotonergic alteration in the ventral striatum, the dorsal, and the subgenual parts of the bilateral anterior cingulate cortices, as well as in the right-sided caudate nucleus and the right-sided orbitofrontal cortex, as compared to those without apathy [50]. Finally, the cholinergic systems may also play a vital modifying role on motivation in PD, given the robust link between PD apathy and cognitive impairment which is elaborated later in this text, and also based on the therapeutic benefit of cholinesterase inhibitors for treating apathetic behavior in some without depression and dementia [51].
The first historical description of chronic subdural hematoma: A tale of inaccurate interpretation, inaccurate quoting and inaccurate requoting
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2023
Ruben Dammers, Dana C. Holl, Brenda Kapiteijn, Erwin J. O. Kompanje
The last case of Morgagni that has been referred to is Letter IX, Article 20, about a man who was stricken on the head by a log of wood. During the months hereafter, he was seized with epileptic disorders, more often in the last week of his life. Also, he suffered from a heavy tremor, amaurosis with a dilatation of the pupil, and some bradyphrenia. In autopsy the upper part of the skull protuberated inward and was everywhere incredibly thin. In the right bone of the sinciput, a small foramen was seen from which “a serum of a brown colour issued out.” This small foramen “communicated with a cavity, big enough to receive the bulk of a large egg, full of the same kind of brown serum, in which a small quantity of coagulated blood had subsided.”