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The Genetics of Alzheimer Disease:
Published in Robert E. Becker, Ezio Giacobini, Alzheimer Disease, 2020
Breitner (1985) comments that contrasting findings may be attributable to various methodological differences in the studies including the stage of AD in probands (mild in the Knesevich et al. (1985) study, more severe in the Breitner & Folstein study). Methods of ascertaining aphasia may also make a difference. Knesevich et al. used global ratings from a modification of the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination, while Breitner & Folstein used the more simple method described above.
Preparing the Patient for the fMRI Study and Optimization of Paradigm Selection and Delivery
Published in Andrei I. Holodny, Functional Neuroimaging, 2019
Event-related designs are another common stimulus presentation where the patient or subject performs a single short event followed by rest of a short or longer duration (rapid event-related and event-related, respectively). This type of paradigm design is used when the investigator is interested in the neural response to a single event or the hemodynamic response to a single event is desired. [An example of an event-related picture-naming paradigm with standardized pictures from the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination is shown in Fig. 7 (12).] Event-related paradigms are not as commonly used with patients. Block designs are effective at detecting an averaged fMRI signal as the patient performs many repetitions of the same type of event over time. This type of detection is advantageous in patients where there may be variable performance, dysfunctional hemodynamics, and greater than average head motion. Event-related paradigms are better at estimating the details of a particular hemodynamic response (13). Because it involves single events separated by rest, these paradigms are often long and laborious for patients. The long length of the experiment is often necessary to obtain the same or similar statistical power as the block design where the averaged images in an epoch afford greater statistical significance.
Rehabilitation of Language Disorders in Adults and Children
Published in Barbara A. Wilson, Jill Winegardner, Caroline M. van Heugten, Tamara Ownsworth, Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2017
Anastasia Raymer, Lyn Turkstra
If the individual is in the acute stage of recovery when behaviour is the most changeable, observation and interview data may be the main source of assessment. It also may be helpful to give standardised or informal screening tests (e.g. shortened forms of the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination [Goodglass, Kaplan and Barresi, 2001] or Western Aphasia Battery [Kertesz, 2007]). In the chronic stage, formal, standardised language tests become more useful for characterising the patient's strengths and limitations. If the goal of assessment is to give an overall picture of the patient's language functioning – including reading, writing, auditory comprehension and spoken language – the clinician may administer a comprehensive aphasia test battery (e.g. the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination or Aphasia Diagnostic Profiles). Scores across subtests of these comprehensive batteries can classify the aphasia into one of the main syndromes defined above. Standardised aphasia test batteries are normed only on adults, and there are no analogous tests for children. Some comprehensive child language tests include individually standardised subtests, which allow comparison of performance across language modalities commonly affected by aphasia (e.g. syntax comprehension vs. repetition), but standard scores will be unreliable indicators of ability when the test model is developmental rather than acquired language problems.
Pilot RCT examining feasibility and disability outcomes of a mobile health platform for strategy training in inpatient stroke rehabilitation (iADAPT)
Published in Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 2023
Jessica Kersey, Emily Kringle, I Made Agus Setiawan, Bambang Parmanto, Elizabeth R. Skidmore
Participants with acute stroke were recruited from three inpatient stroke rehabilitation units associated with the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center system. Exclusion criteria included: 1) prior exposure to strategy training; 2) visual impairment limiting ability to read a screen or worksheet; 3) poor self-awareness (score of ≥2 on the Self Awareness of Deficits Interview; 4) current major depressive, bipolar, or psychotic disorder (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PRIME-MD); 5) current alcohol or drug abuse (Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview); 6) severe aphasia (score ≤1 on the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination); 7) diagnosis of dementia, neurodegenerative disease, or cancer; and 8) anticipated discharge to a skilled nursing facility. These criteria enabled us to include a representative sample of participants likely to discharge to a community setting, who would be able to use the mobile health application as they discharge home.
The impact of aphasia on Internet and technology use
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2020
Fiona Menger, Julie Morris, Christos Salis
Forty-five people were referred to the project via stroke review clinics, Speech, and Language Therapists, and stroke support groups in the North East of England. Inclusion criteria stipulated that all should be more than six months post-stroke, native speakers of English, able to give informed consent, and not have any other neurological or psychological conditions. Three were excluded on initial contact due to being unable to consent, not meeting the inclusion criteria on time post-onset, and undiagnosed aphasia presentation in a participant consented into the “no aphasia” group. Twenty-five people presented with chronic post-stroke aphasia of a range of severities and 17 had had a stroke but did not have aphasia. Participants with aphasia had been either diagnosed by the referring SLT or were attending aphasia support groups. The severity of aphasia was measured using the severity scale from the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination [40] (based on examiner [i.e., first author] observations during interaction with each participant). To facilitate recruitment of a diverse sample, information leaflets about the research were designed to convey that the study was interested in all people post-stroke, regardless of whether they were familiar with or used the Internet.
A sociocognitive approach to social problem solving in patients with traumatic brain injury: a pilot study
Published in Brain Injury, 2019
Mathilde Saint-Jean, Philippe Allain, Jérémy Besnard
We recruited 15 patients with TBI (10 men, 5 women) aged 19–54 years (mean = 32.6, SD = 13.5) in rehabilitation centers. Their education level ranged from 9 to 16 years of schooling. The post-accident period ranged from 2 months to 2 years and 11 months (M = 10.6 months). Two patients were in the long-term chronic phase (> 12–18 months), and no patient had post-traumatic amnesia at the time of the assessment. Glasgow Scale scores ranged from 3 to 15. Most of the patients had experienced a severe head injury. All the patients had undergone CT or MRI scans showing damage to a wide variety of brain regions (see Table 1). None of the patients reported any history of premorbid psychiatric or neurological disease, other kinds of brain damage such as stroke, premorbid substance use or abuse, or intellectual deficiency. Subtests of the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE, 29; French version from 30) were used to exclude language impairments (oral and written comprehension) in the participants. All participants had normal or corrected-to-normal vision. The control group consisted of 25 individuals (14 men, 11 women), aged 22–66 years (M = 30.4, SD = 12.4) who reported no brain damage and no neurological or psychiatric history. Their education level ranged from 8 to 17 years of schooling. The two groups did not differ significantly on age, sex or years of education. All participants gave their informed consent prior to their participation in the study, which was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki.