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Peripheral nerve disorders
Published in Ashley W. Blom, David Warwick, Michael R. Whitehouse, Apley and Solomon’s System of Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2017
Michael Fox, David Warwick, H. Srinivasan
Abduction of the arm is possible, mediated by the supraspinatus muscle. This is commonly misunderstood by orthopaedic surgeons. Supraspinatus alone is entirely capable of elevating the upper limb above head height (Figure 11.17b,c). Deltoid confers power and stability with the elevated arm. Its force vector is such that, until 30 degrees or more of abduction has been achieved, the deltoid action is predominantly that of a vertical shearing force. Thus we see in complete rotator cuff tears that the action of deltoid results in a shrug or hitching movement. Beyond 30 degrees of abduction, the predominant force vector of deltoid is horizontal and it can now act as an abductor (Figure 11.18). This is critically important in understanding the significance of lack of abduction where there is nerve injury with shoulder dislocation. With complete axillary nerve palsy following shoulder dislocation, lack of abduction indicates injury to the rotator cuff, or the suprascapular nerve, until proven otherwise. Unrecognized rotator cuff injury is associated with a poor outcome in the presence of axillary nerve injury.
Dislocations around the shoulder
Published in Charles M Court-Brown, Margaret M McQueen, Marc F Swiontkowski, David Ring, Susan M Friedman, Andrew D Duckworth, Musculoskeletal Trauma in the Elderly, 2016
The axillary nerve is the most common nerve injury following a dislocation of the shoulder. Increasing age, bruising about the shoulder and an associated fracture of the proximal humerus are risk factors.36 Axillary nerve palsy is usually transient, with recovery occurring between 6 weeks to 1 year following dislocation.7,13 A persistent disabling neurological deficit is uncommon, with one study reporting that although three of four patients with an axillary nerve palsy following dislocation did not completely recover, all patients had at least grade 4 muscle power at final followup.8,28
Is there any difference between anterior and posterior approach for the spinal accessory to suprascapular nerve transfer? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Neurological Research, 2023
Michal Makel, Andrej Sukop, David Kachlík, Petr Waldauf, Adam Whitley, Radek Kaiser
This study was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA) [15]. We conducted a systematic search of English literature in National Institutes of Health PubMED database from January 2001 to December 2021. Instead of using keywords we searched titles and abstracts to enroll more relevant articles. The following search strategy was used: brachial plexus injury[Title/Abstract]) OR brachial plexus palsy[Title/Abstract]) OR brachial plexus lesion[Title/Abstract]) OR axillary nerve injury[Title/Abstract]) OR axillary nerve palsy[Title/Abstract]) OR axillary nerve lesion[Title/Abstract]) OR suprascapular nerve injury[Title/Abstract]) OR suprascapular nerve palsy[Title/Abstract]) OR suprascapular nerve lesion[Title/Abstract]) AND (((((surgical treatment[Title/Abstract]) OR reconstruction[Title/Abstract]) OR repair [Title/Abstract]) OR surgery[Title/Abstract]) OR epidemiology[Title/Abstract]). The reference lists of articles included in the study were reviewed to find additional eligible articles.
An 11-year analysis of peripheral nerve injuries in high school sports
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2019
Scott L. Zuckerman, Zachary Y. Kerr, Lauren Pierpoint, Paul Kirby, Khoi D. Than, Thomas J. Wilson
Of the 588 total injuries, a specific diagnosis was available for 40 (6.8%). These diagnoses included: upper extremity stinger (n = 26, 65.0%), spinal cord neurapraxia (n = 3, 7.5%), subacromial nerve impingement (n = 2, 5.0%), neuroma (n = 2, 5.0%), axillary nerve palsy (n = 1, 2.5%), sciatic nerve impingement (n = 1, 2.5%), femoral nerve impingement (n = 1, 2.5%), tarsal tunnel syndrome (n = 1, 2.5%), peroneal neuropathy (n = 1, 2.5%), thoracic outlet syndrome (n = 1, 2.5%), and ulnar nerve subluxation (n = 1, 2.5%). For the remaining 548 injuries, either no diagnosis or a non-specific item was recorded, including qualitative descriptions such as ‘nerve damage’ and ‘nerve compression.’