China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Brachial Plexus Examination
Published in J. Terrence Jose Jerome, Clinical Examination of the Hand, 2022
Janice He, Bassem Elhassan, Rohit Garg
The axillary nerve is the other terminal branch of the posterior cord and has contributions from C5 and C6. It innervates the deltoid and the teres minor. In some variations, it may also provide a branch to the long head of the triceps. The posterior branch of the axillary nerve terminates as the superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm and provides sensation to the skin overlying the lower aspect of the deltoid muscle. The axillary nerve has a role in shoulder abduction as well as external rotation (Table 12.2).
Hands
Published in Tor Wo Chiu, Stone’s Plastic Surgery Facts, 2018
Move Test motor power (MRC, M2 is movement with gravity eliminated) at shoulder, elbow, wrist, fingers and thumb.Winging of the scapula suggests a preganglionic injury (see above).Test trapezius – SAN may be used for nerve transfer.Nerve screening.Axillary nerve (shoulder abduction).RN (wrist extension – low, elbow extension – high).Musculocutaneous nerve (elbow flexion).Median and ulnar nerve (finger and wrist flexion).Passive and active ROM of all joints.
Upper Limb
Published in Harold Ellis, Adrian Kendal Dixon, Bari M. Logan, David J. Bowden, Human Sectional Anatomy, 2017
Harold Ellis, Adrian Kendal Dixon, Bari M. Logan, David J. Bowden
Note the close relationship of the axillary nerve (10), together with its accompanying vessels, the posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein, to the surgical neck of the humerus (24). Fractures commonly occur in the region of the surgical neck;the axillary nerve may be affected. The axillary nerve may also be damaged in dislocation of the shoulder.
Long-term functional recovery in C5-C6 avulsions treated with distal nerve transfers
Published in Neurological Research, 2023
Irene Fasce, Pietro Fiaschi, Andrea Bianconi, Carlo Sacco, Guido Staffa, Crescenzo Capone
Shoulder reinnervation remains a major problem. In contrast to elbow flexion, in which the isolated recovery of the biceps may represent itself a functionally significant result, the shoulder function involves the balanced activity of many muscles and consequently cannot be completely restored. The associated repair of the Suprascapular and Axillary nerve still allows an acceptable partial reinnervation, sufficient to obtain a good dynamic shoulder stability. When functional recovery is not effective, limited only to a good arm extra-rotation and brachio-thoracic clamp with minimal abduction, the shoulder is stabilized and allows elementary functioning. In these patients, a further scapulo-humeral arthrodesis is suitable. It is considered a palliative solution, suitable even years after the trauma, with possible mild advantage [17,18,28].
Is there any difference between anterior and posterior approach for the spinal accessory to suprascapular nerve transfer? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Neurological Research, 2023
Michal Makel, Andrej Sukop, David Kachlík, Petr Waldauf, Adam Whitley, Radek Kaiser
A summary of all included studies is given in Table 1. All patients who underwent the posterior approach also underwent radial nerve to axillary nerve transfer from the posterior approach. Group A consisted of 69 patients. In this group both trans-axillary and posterior approaches were used to the axillary nerve neurotization. Evaluation of strength of abduction according to the MRC scale was provided in all patients and range of abduction in 35 patients. Group B consisted of 73 patients. Evaluation of strength of abduction according to the MRC scale was provided in all patients and range of abduction in 25 patients. All spinal accessory to suprascapular nerve transfers were performed without the necessity of inter positioning a nerve graft. The most common type of brachial plexus injury was C5, C6 root avulsion. However, in Group B seven patients suffered solely from C5 avulsions. Two patients in Group A had the C5, C6 avulsion with concomitant injury of C7 root (contusion and rupture), and in Group B two patients presented with C5–C7 injury with persistent radial nerve function [10,20,21].
Impact of shoulder subluxation on peripheral nerve conduction and function of hemiplegic upper extremity in stroke patients: A retrospective, matched-pair study
Published in Neurological Research, 2021
Xiangzhe Li, Zhiwei Yang, Sheng Wang, Panpan Xu, Tianqi Wei, Xiaomeng Zhao, Xifeng Li, Yanmei Zhang, Ying Li, Na Mei, Qinfeng Wu
The SS after stroke often manifests as the humeral head to downward subluxation [26]. In the early stage of stroke, due to the weak deltoid and supraspinatus on the HUE, combined with the effect of gravity, the humeral head could not be effectively fixed into the glenoid, which may lead to the occurrence of SS [1,27]. The results of this study suggest that, after stroke, SS may lead to more severe abnormal peripheral nerve conduction on the HUE compared with non-SS stroke patients. It has been confirmed that neurological complications were manifested in 5.4–55% among all shoulder dislocations [28]. In traumatic inferior shoulder dislocation, it has been reported that 29% of the patients experienced a neurological injury, and the axillary nerve is particularly often damaged, probably due to the overload as it goes across the quadrangular space [29]. However, the whole characteristics that the impacts of SS on the HUE peripheral nerves remain unclear.