China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Stroke
Published in Henry J. Woodford, Essential Geriatrics, 2022
Wernicke's (fluent) aphasia is caused by lesions affecting the dominant temporal lobe. This mainly limits comprehension of speech but sentence structure and word use can be affected. Repetition, reading and writing abilities are also impaired. Transcortical sensory aphasia is similar to Wernicke's aphasia but those affected are still able to repeat phrases. Anomic aphasia is a milder form of aphasia affecting Wernicke's area, with difficulty finding some words, resulting in circumlocution and evident frustration. There is a good understanding of speech and those affected can usually read well but have the same word-finding problems when writing. Repetition is unaffected.
The Role of the Psychologist in Life Care Planning
Published in Roger O. Weed, Debra E. Berens, Life Care Planning and Case Management Handbook, 2018
Diagnoses Major neurocognitive disorder due to traumatic brain injury, with behavioral disturbance (impulse control and agitation).Depressive disorder due to another medical condition—traumatic brain injury, with major depressive-like episode.Anomic aphasia (word finding).Impaired mobility requiring a cane or walker.Chronic pain.
Examination of the Nervous System
Published in John W. Scadding, Nicholas A. Losseff, Clinical Neurology, 2011
Tim Fowler, John Scadding, Nick Losseff
The speech areas are connected by the arcuate fasciculus (Figure 3.7). A lesion in this pathway may separate the two sites, allowing fluent paraphasic speech with preserved comprehension, so-called conduction aphasia. In such patients, repetition is highly abnormal. In some aphasic patients the deficit appears to be one of naming, word finding, anomic aphasia. This may occur with lesions in the left temporo-parietal region, including the angular gyrus, when it may be associated with alexia and agraphia. A rare symptom complex also arising from lesions in the region of the angular gyrus is Gerstmann’s syndrome. This combines agraphia, acalculia, right–left disorientation and finger agnosia. In general, cortical lesions in the dominant hemisphere disrupt spontaneous speech and repetition. Subcortical lesions (transcortical aphasia) leave repetition intact, although understanding may be impaired (Table 3.4).
White matter—Maximien Parchappe and the integration of articulate language
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2020
Parchappe began his address to the academy by defining the nature of speech as an intellectual function submitted to the will, and whose purpose was, “the voluntary production of a series of articulated sounds that are combined into words. Its goal is to represent a series of ideas that correspond to those words to express a thought” (Parchappe 1865, 679–680). He then divided the inability to speak into two broad categories (see Table 1). In the first, individuals could not speak because they lacked the intellectual capacity to learn a language. Individuals in the second category had learned to speak but had lost their ability to do so. Parchappe separated the latter into three subgroups, based on the severity of their deficit. The first, to which we now refer as dysarthria, resulted from a dysfunction of the muscles of articulation. The second was characterized by the inability to utter certain nouns to designate things, people, and places, which Parchappe ascribed to a deficiency of memory. This symptom is now referred to as anomic aphasia. The third subgroup consisted of the partial or complete loss of speech, “independent of intelligence and memory, and independent of motility” (Parchappe 1865, 696). This deficiency had been referred to as alalia by Jacques Lordat (1773–1870; Lordat 1843), who had experienced it; as aphemia by Broca, who had characterized it; and as aphasia by Trousseau, to annoy Broca (Leblanc 2017).
The use of standardised short-term and working memory tests in aphasia research: a systematic review
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2018
Laura Murray, Christos Salis, Nadine Martin, Jenny Dralle
There were 898 participants with aphasia (Table 2). In terms of aphasia characteristics, neither aphasia type nor severity was consistently reported (e.g., Allen, Martin, & Martin, 2012; Lang & Quitz, 2012). For instance, severity of aphasia was specified in only 16 (of 36, or 44%) studies. When aphasia type was noted, a variety of aphasia classification systems was used: Some studies more broadly only noted whether participants had fluent versus nonfluent aphasia (e.g., Carragher, Sage, & Conroy, 2013), whereas other studies used a more complex system such as the Boston classification system (e.g., DeDe et al., 2014). Participants with anomic aphasia (144) and/or a mild severity of aphasia (73) were the most common when authors reported these variables. In contrast, among studies specifying aphasia type and/or severity, individuals with Wernicke’s (38) or severe aphasia (13) were under-represented in the participant samples compared to the other aphasia types and severities, respectively. Across studies, participants with aphasia representing a range of education levels and ages were included. In several studies, however, education level information was either not provided (e.g., Galling et al., 2014; Sinotte & Coelho, 2007) or described in general terms (e.g., Lang & Quitz, 2012 who described education level in terms of less or more than nine years of formal education). Additionally, across studies, there were relatively few participants with aphasia over the age of 70 compared to those younger than age 70.
Analysing coherence of oral discourse among Cantonese speakers in Mainland China with traumatic brain injury and cerebrovascular accident
Published in International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2020
Anthony Pak-Hin Kong, Dustin Kai-Yan Lau, Chloe Yuen-Yi Cheng
A total of 36 individuals participated in this study (see Table I). They included 18 speakers with fluent aphasia, seven of which were induced by CVA and 11 induced by TBI, as well as 18 NBI control participants. All were recruited from the Guangdong Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, with the TBI or CVA diagnosed by neurologists and/or medical internists (see Table I for neuroimaging findings), and were native speakers of Cantonese who were born in the Guangdong province of Mainland China. None of the participants received formal language interventions that addressed the coherence and/or cohesion of spoken discourse. However, prior to the time this study was conducted, they had received training focussing on swallowing (primarily) and functional communication, with or without group interventions mediated by occupational therapists and/or physiotherapists. In other words, the treatment goals of these participants did not overlap with the aims of the present study and should not have any influence on the results. All participants in the TBI group had experienced a closed head brain injury that occurred at least six months prior to testing and were diagnosed with anomic aphasia with the Cantonese version of the Western Aphasia Battery (CAB; Yiu, 1992). As for the CVA group, all had experienced a cerebrovascular accident that had occurred at least one month prior to testing. Based on the CAB, six of them were diagnosed with anomic aphasia and one with conduction aphasia. While Yiu (1992) did not specify the ranges of aphasia quotients (AQ) for various aphasia severity, only participant LYF with Conduction aphasia demonstrated a lower AQ of 60.8, clinically judged as moderate aphasia. The remaining participants had a mild-to-moderate or mild anomic aphasia.