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Introduction: Background Material
Published in Nassir H. Sabah, Neuromuscular Fundamentals, 2020
The allocortex areas are in the peripheral parts of the cerebral cortex and have only three or four layers. The main constituents of the allocortex are the hippocampus and parts of the olfactory system concerned with the sense of smell. The hippocampus, located in the medial temporal lobe, acts as a memory gateway to the brain by contributing to short-term memory and by helping to consolidate short-term memory to long-term memory. It is also involved in spatial navigation and spatial memory and in some behavioral respects, such as the ability to inhibit previously learnt responses.
Non-Synonyms (Similar-Sounding)
Published in Terence R. Anthoney, Neuroanatomy and the Neurologic Exam, 2017
Pyramidal cell (C&S, p. 644): A common type of cell in the cerebral cortex. Though most of the fibers in the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts (see “pyramidal system” below) arise from cortical pyramidal cells, this fact did not give rise to the term “pyramidal system.” Many pyramidal cells in the cortex do not send fibers into the pyramidal system. Layers of pyramidal cells are characteristic of allocortex (e.g., hippocampus: C&S, p. 626) as well as neocortex.
ENTRIES A–Z
Published in Philip Winn, Dictionary of Biological Psychology, 2003
The allocortex is the oldest part of the CEREBRAL CORTEX, in terms of evolution. Unlike the NEOCORTEX it contains only three layers of neurons (see CORTICAL LAYERS). Included in the allocortex are the PYRIFORM CORTEX, OLFACTORY BULB, OLFACTORY TUBERCLE, the DIAGONAL BAND OF BROCA, the SEPTAL NUCLEI, AMYGDALA and hippocampal formation and dentate gyrus (see HIPPOCAMPUS). Allocortex is also known as the archipallium or RHINENCEPHALON (meaning olfactory brain); the hippocampal formation and dentate gyrus are also known as the ARCHICORTEX while the pyriform cortex is also called the PALAEOCORTEX. These terms—archipallium, rhinencephalon, archicortex and palaeocortex - might still be found in older literature but are rarely used terms now. Closely associated with the allocortex (and often combined with it in the rather vague term LIMBIC CORTEX) is the JUXTALLOCORTEX.
A critical review on the role of nanotheranostics mediated approaches for targeting β amyloid in Alzheimer’s
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2023
Vaibhav Rastogi, Anjali Jain, Prashant Kumar, Pragya Yadav, Mayur Porwal, Shashank Chaturvedi, Phool Chandra, Anurag Verma
The disease was first discovered by Dr. Alois Alzheimer and thus named Alzheimer’s, also known as Dementia. The condition is marked by steady but continuous deterioration of the neurons in the brain. The damaged area of the brain builds up the amyloid-β peptide mass and signalises them as neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques; (tangling of the neuro fibres and accumulation of amyloid plaque, respectively), which causes the breakdown of the signals between the neurons. All this initially affects the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (the brain’s allocortex), leading to the beginning of memory loss. After that, it affects the cerebral cortex and causes behavioural problems [1]. Phases of Alzheimer’s disease are presented in Table 1.