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How to Assess Your Risk Using CHD Scoring Tests
Published in Mark C Houston, The Truth About Heart Disease, 2023
Biomarkers:MCP-3: immune cell direction and activity.sFas: prevents apoptosis (cell death).Fas ligand: initiates cell recycling and death.Eotaxin: activates immune cells in areas of injury.CTACK: helps to clean up damaged cells.IL-16: recruits and activates immune cells and indicates inflammation.HGF: stimulates tissue repair.
Marine Biopolymers
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Tissue engineering creates functional constructs for tissue repair, studies on stem cell behavior, and the models for studying diseases. Tissue engineering includes three main elements: three-set porous scaffold, the cells, and the growth factors. The scaffold builds up the appropriate environment for the cells proliferating, differentiating, and synthesizing the tissue. The growth factors initiate and promote cells in the complex process to the regeneration of the new tissue. For specific purposes, the triad should be selected and tailored to meet the requirement (Akter, 2016).
The cell and tissues
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
The dead and dying cells, as well as those that are injured but which survive, release and produce a range of chemicals that are designed to try to counteract the insult and to initiate the repair cycle. These will be discussed in more detail in the following section on tissue repair in this chapter.
Full-thickness dermal wound regeneration using hypoxia preconditioned blood-derived growth factors: A case series
Published in Organogenesis, 2023
Hadjipanayi Ektoras, Moog Philipp, Jiang Jun, Dornseifer Ulf, Machens Hans-Günther, Schilling Arndt F
One of the main areas of focus in regenerative medicine research is that of dermal tissue repair, especially the treatment of chronic wounds.1,2 Despite recent advances, however, there is still lack of effective therapeutic tools that can be readily applied in the clinical setting.3,4 As a result, for the treatment of large wounds most clinicians rely on the long-standing and proven invasive surgical principles of debridement, temporary wound coverage and subsequent tissue reconstruction through skin transplantation or local/free (microsurgical) tissue transfer.5–8 This approach faces, however, certain important limitations9: 1. Temporary wound coverage and wound preconditioning via negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT)/vacuum-assisted closure (V.A.C.)), for prolonged periods of time until the wound bed is healthy enough for surgical reconstruction, requires surgical intervention and prolonged hospitalization, both of which can be costly, while it also significantly limits the patient’s mobility by interfering with daily activities. 2. Skin transplantation and local or free tissue transfer procedures are accompanied by risk of graft-take failure, donor site morbidity, and are also burdened by high cost. 3. The final appearance of the grafted site may significantly differ from that of surrounding native tissue, providing inferior aesthetic outcomes, while in cases where the wound is grafted with weak tissue (e.g. split-thickness skin grafts) or left to heal by secondary intention, the resulting scar contracture may limit the range of motion.
Chronic diseases and allergies are risk factors predictive of a history of Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS) in distance runners: SAFER study XXIV
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2023
Pieter-Henk Boer, Martin P. Schwellnus, Esmè Jordaan
The second main finding from our study was that a history of allergies was an independent risk factor predictive of a history of MTSS. This finding is similar to what we recently reported for any gradual onset injury in trail runners [23] and distance runners [24]. Again, we cannot show cause-effect, but there are also possible biological mechanisms linking chronic allergies to gradual onset soft tissue and bony injuries. Allergies are characterized by chronic inflammation, and there are epidemiological data in adults and children linking allergies to low bone mineral density and osteoporosis [46,47]. Common medications to treat allergies are corticosteroids and histamine receptor antagonists (antihistamines). Corticosteroids have been associated with the development of myopathy and osteopenia [38,48]. In a recent review, it was concluded that chronic blockade of histamine H1/H2 receptors can lead to impairment of microvascular and mitochondrial adaptations to interval training in humans [49]. Although speculative, this may affect tissue repair following injury. It is clear that the association between chronic diseases and/or allergies and gradual onset injuries such as a history of MTSS require further investigation. However, these associations may be very important for clinicians treating patients with MTSS because it may influence, for example, the rate at which healing may take place following repetitive injury in subgroups of higher risk individuals such as those with chronic diseases or allergies.
Challenges faced in developing an ideal chronic wound model
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2023
Mandy Li Ling Tan, Jiah Shin Chin, Leigh Madden, David L. Becker
The tissue repair process involves complex interactions between multiple cell types and the extracellular matrix. Wound healing follows a precisely orchestrated series of events. The events are coordinated by soluble mediators such as growth factors and cytokines. The process is divided into four distinct but overlapping phases – hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling[13,14]. A more detailed summary of the wound healing events is illustrated in Figure 1. In contrast, a chronic wound fails to adhere to these sequences of events and get stuck in the proinflammatory phase. Local factors such as ischemia, tissue maceration and infection can have adverse effects on the normal reparative process. Systemic factors such as age, malnutrition, elevated glucose and comorbidities such as vascular insufficiency and diabetes can further complicate the wound healing process[1]. Reduction in migrative capabilities, chronic inflammation and elevation of proteolytic enzymes and reduction of their inhibitors are also hallmarks of chronic wounds. The following section explores and further discusses the various characteristics of chronic wounds