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Assessing and responding to sudden deterioration in the adult
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
It is a test that can help diagnose lung function and identify how respiratory disease affects the lungs that uses a spirometer, a device consisting of a mouthpiece attached to a machine that measures the amount of air exhaled.
The Respiratory System and Its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
Pulmonary function tests determine the presence, type, and extent of dysfunction in the airways, alveoli, and pulmonary vascular bed caused by obstruction or restriction or both. These tests are of three general types: (1) airway flow rates measure flow to assess airway patency and resistance; (2) lung volume and capacity measure compartments of the lung to assess air-trapping and differentiate impairments; and (3) gas exchange (diffusion capacity) measures rate of gas transfer across the alveolar-capillary membranes. The spirometer is a device used to measure lung volume; the procedure is called spirometry. The peak expiratory flow rate (PEFK, maximal flow that can be produced during forced expiration), pulmonary venous congestion (PVC), forced expiratory vol ume (FEv), and the mean forced expiratory flow (FEF) during the middle of the forced vital capacity (FVC) can be measured by flow meters.
How to Develop a Tobacco Cessation Center
Published in Rajmohan Panda, Manu Raj Mathur, Tobacco Cessation, 2019
Spirometer: A spirometer is an apparatus that measures the volume of the air inspired and expired by the lungs. It measures ventilation, the movement of air into and out of the lungs. Performing a spirometry test and providing information on pulmonary function may increase the awareness of the effect of smoking among smokers who are asymptomatic or have fewer symptoms, and provide further motivation in their attempt to quit.7 If airflow obstruction is present (as evidenced by a reduction in [FEV] 1.0), this can be shown to patients as an indicator of the damage induced to their lungs by smoking. Based on a spirometer, lung age can also be calculated and provided to the patient. Telling a 35-year-old male smoker that his lung function is similar to that predicted for a 70 year old is likely to be more of an eye-opener than telling him that his FEV 1.0 is 77% of the predicted figure (Figure 6.2).
Objective measurement of acoustic intensity of coughing for clearance of penetration and aspiration on video-fluoroscopy
Published in International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2021
Emma Wallace, Phoebe Macrae, Maggie-Lee Huckabee
Aerodynamic measures of coughing (i.e. peak cough flow [PCF], cough volume acceleration [CVA], expulsive phase rise time [EPRT]) are most commonly used in patients with dysphagia. Aerodynamic measures of voluntary and citric-acid induced coughing have been shown to predict risk of aspiration and aspiration pneumonia in patients with dysphagia with high sensitivity and specificity (Bianchi, Baiardi, Khirani, & Cantarella, 2012; Pitts, Bolser, Rosenbek, Troche, & Sapienza, 2008; Plowman et al., 2016; Silverman et al., 2016; Smith Hammond et al., 2009). In the research setting, aerodynamic measures of coughing are typically made with pneumotachographs, which are highly sensitive and accurate instruments for measuring airflow and volume. However, pneumotachographs are expensive, not easily transportable and require training by the user for correct operation (Plowman et al., 2016). This renders them inaccessible to many clinicians, and unsuitable for measuring cough strength at bedside. Portable spirometers and peak flow metres are less expensive and more conveniently applied in the clinical setting. These devices have been used to measure the PCF of voluntary (Kulnik et al., 2016; Silverman et al., 2014) and induced coughing (Fujiwara et al., 2017; Lee et al., 2013; Sohn et al., 2018), and offer an alternative cost-effective means of measuring PCF in patients with dysphagia in the clinical setting.
Advances in spirometry testing for lung function analysis
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2019
There have been significant technological advancements in spirometers in recent decades, especially those related to portable devices. Furthermore, new indices and ways of analyzing test results have been proposed, which may be useful for individuals with borderline or mild lung disease based on traditional spirometric criteria [12,13]. A more recent cause for concern is the presentation of results [14]. Numerous variables can be tested, and large amounts of data can be obtained; however, not all results are equally relevant. Moreover, excessive data may lead to an incomplete understanding of the analysis. This problem can be avoided by using a more concise report format and presenting data in a standard format.
Materialized Oppression in Medical Tools and Technologies
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2023
Shen-yi Liao, Vanessa Carbonell
A spirometer is a device that measures lung functioning. The patient blows into a tube and the machine measures the total volume of air exhaled after a full inspiration as well as the volume exhaled in one second. Physicians use the device to evaluate patients for abnormal lung functioning, so modern spirometers are computerized devices that not only report the absolute numerical values but also norm the results relative to historical population averages, via correction factors or population-specific standards (Braun 2021). The patient’s results are thus reported as a percentage of the predicted normal result for someone their age, sex, height, and race/ethnicity.