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Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Era of COVID-19 to Improve Hospital Management
Published in Adarsh Garg, D. P. Goyal, Global Healthcare Disasters, 2023
The respiratory illness caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus known as COVID-19. It has become pandemic and is a challenge all over the world. The most crucial challenge of this pandemic is the management of COVID-19 patients’ urgency of critical respiratory care. Based on the need of this situation, an AI-based model was developed to enhance the critical care of COVID-19 patients. A review of available literature was carried out like PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, etc. More and more clinicians and engineers are working rigorously on a vaccine, testing facilities, and monitoring systems. This chapter highlights the opportunities gained through the use of AI methods for diagnosis and prognosis system. Major efforts of the healthcare system to fight COVID-19 using AI-based decision-making system would support in management of the critically ill patients with COVID-19 more efficiently. By gathering, categorizing, and studying of clinical information from the large number of patients are approaching to diagnosis and decide toward treatment process.
Infectious Disease
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Susanna J. Dunachie, Hanif Esmail, Ruth Corrigan, Maria Dudareva
COVID-19 is a viral infection caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, that can lead to severe respiratory illness – especially in older adults and people with underlying health conditions.
Morphology, Pathogenesis, Genome Organization, and Replication of Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Sadia Javed, Bahzad Ahmad Farhan, Maria Shabbir, Areeba Tahseen, Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Marius Moga
COVID-19 incubation, on the other hand, is predicted to last 14 days, with a mean interval from indication of symptoms of 4–5 days. In one study, 97.5% of patients were diagnosed with the symptoms of COVID-19 illnesses within 11.5 days of respiratory distress disorder, according to the CDCP. COVID-19 signs normally occur between 2–14 days of infection, with normal duration of 5.2 days [15]. Pneumonia, now known as COVID-19 disease, is a common symptom of a contaminated patient, as shown by a computed tomography (CT) examination or chest X-ray [16]. Early on, infected person showed signs of severe respiratory disease, with certain developing chronic obstructive pulmonary failure and other potential complications. The first three infected persons identified by the China’s novel SARS-CoV-2 discovering and testing team had severe illness, and 2 out of the 3 infected persons with relevant clinical profiling had a distinct fever condition [17]. At the beginning of COVID-19 disease, typical signs include fever, dry cough, muscle weakness, and disease, as well as other symptoms such as headache, lymphopenia, and dyspnea. However, 1 to 2 days before infection, some individuals can develop diarrhea or nausea [18, 19]. Patients may report problems with breathability 5 days after the onset of infection and ARDS on day 8 of infection. Abdominal pain and pneumonia will occur if the patient’s condition worsens; most physiological deficiencies depend on your immune state and health history [20].
Use of the speed achieved on the 6MWT for programming aerobic training in patients recovering from severe COVID-19: an observational study
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
María Fernanda del Valle, Jorge Valenzuela, Gabriel Nasri Marzuca-Nassr, Loretto Godoy, Mariano del Sol, Pablo A. Lizana, Máximo Escobar-Cabello, Rodrigo Muñoz-Cofré
Observational quasi-experimental study. Patients diagnosed severe COVID-19 were studied. The PR program is a routine procedure given to all patients recovering from Covid-19. However, for research purposes, patients who were part of the PR program were enrolled from January to April 2021. Inclusion criteria were: (a) diagnosis of COVID-19 through a positive PCR test, (b) MV required with orotracheal intubation, (c) medical discharge from hospital, (d) follow-up with cardiologist and normal electrocardiogram and (e) under health supervision (Hospital El Carmen in Maipú, Santiago, Chile). Patients who did not understand orders were excluded. This study is part of a large-scale project that aims to determine the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on post-severe COVID-19 patients and already has previous publications. In this sense, the present research (i) details the incremental test (IT) and continuous test (CT) and their usefulness in programming training loads, (ii) shows how these tests also serve to determine the effects of training and (iii) are an objective tool that makes it possible to reprogram aerobic training loads during a RP program. The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration and approved by the Scientific Ethics Committee of the Central Metropolitan Health Service (protocol code N° 392/2021). The participants read and signed an informed consent prior to admission to the PR program.
Evaluation of muscle strength and quality in North African patients with chronic hepatitis B: A pilot case control study
Published in Libyan Journal of Medicine, 2023
Jihene Bergaoui, Imed Latiri, Houda Chaouch, Jihene Ben Abdallah, Sawssen Mrad, Wided Maatamri, Amel Letaief, Helmi Ben Saad
This study was a case-control study conducted during September 2020. The study was conducted in collaboration with four departments (i.e.; physiology and functional explorations, infectious diseases, biochemistry, and haematology laboratories) from the Farhat HACHED Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia. All the study procedures were in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Approval of the local hospital ethics committee (approval N° 3010/2020) was obtained. All participants signed a written consent. All explorations were free of charge, and participants received a report of their explorations. The study was performed during the pandemic of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, during September 2020, COVID-19 rate was low in Tunisia (average cases per day = 200, average death per day = 5) (https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/tunisia/#graph-cases-daily). All recommended preventive measures to fight against COVID-19 transmission were applied as physical distance of at least 1 m from others, wearing a fitted face mask properly, cleaning hands frequently with alcohol-based hand rub or soap, and water freezing friction.
Clinical and inflammation marker features of cancer patients with COVID-19: data of Istanbul, Turkey multicenter cancer patients (2020–2022)
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2023
Çağlar Ünal, Gülşah Tunçer, Betül Çopur, Kezban Nur Pilanci, Kerem Sadi Okutur, Kanay Yararbaş, Özkan Alan, Abdullah Sakin, Melih Simsek, İpek Özönder Ünal, Atakan Topçu, Zeynep Alaca Topçu, Tomris Duymaz, Çetin Ordu
Vaccines are considered a critical tool in curtailing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. There are various COVID-19 vaccines available globally6. Immunocompromised individuals, including those undergoing immunosuppressive treatment, are strongly encouraged to get vaccinated6. While the immunogenicity and efficacy of these vaccines tend to be lower in these individuals compared to the general population7, some studies have shown that both inactive and mRNA vaccines induce seropositivity in 86.9–90% of cancer patients8,9. Furthermore, observational data indicate a lower risk of severe illness or death following infection with the Omicron variant of COVID-19, first identified in November 2021, compared to previous variants10.