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Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Era of COVID-19 to Improve Hospital Management
Published in Adarsh Garg, D. P. Goyal, Global Healthcare Disasters, 2023
The respiratory illness caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus known as COVID-19. It has become pandemic and is a challenge all over the world. The most crucial challenge of this pandemic is the management of COVID-19 patients’ urgency of critical respiratory care. Based on the need of this situation, an AI-based model was developed to enhance the critical care of COVID-19 patients. A review of available literature was carried out like PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, etc. More and more clinicians and engineers are working rigorously on a vaccine, testing facilities, and monitoring systems. This chapter highlights the opportunities gained through the use of AI methods for diagnosis and prognosis system. Major efforts of the healthcare system to fight COVID-19 using AI-based decision-making system would support in management of the critically ill patients with COVID-19 more efficiently. By gathering, categorizing, and studying of clinical information from the large number of patients are approaching to diagnosis and decide toward treatment process.
Infectious Disease
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Susanna J. Dunachie, Hanif Esmail, Ruth Corrigan, Maria Dudareva
COVID-19 is a viral infection caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, that can lead to severe respiratory illness – especially in older adults and people with underlying health conditions.
Detection Assays and Techniques Against COVID-19
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Shahzad Sharif, Maham Saeed, Javed Hussain Shah, Sajjad Hussain, Ahmad Adnan, Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz
Globally, SARS-CoV-2 directing to COVID-19 prevalent has affected world community, till now, there are confirmed cases of almost 20,730,456, and deaths of almost 751,154, as of August 15, 2020, reported by World Health Organization (WHO). Partially and completely lockdown and social distancing have modified and disturbed the working life of billions of people worldwide in many cities. Resultantly, winding up of business and almost every hindrance on trade and tours the world economy has to face a big decrease. The present situation focuses on making certain the worldwide attainability of fast, cheap, and accessible diagnosis tools to decrease the severity involved in the SARS-CoV2 virus and immunity. It is also a need of time to give the best support and opportunities to universities, companies, and laboratories all over the world to produce test kits on an urgent basis. On the basis of positive test results, fear is that the affected virus patients are supposed to be more as compared to present today [7]. Unexpressed proliferation/transmission of COVID-19 can be finished by applying fast, easy, and accurate testing.
Mild COVID-19 infection associated with post-COVID-19 condition after 3 months – a questionnaire survey
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Stefan Rach, Lisa Kühne, Hajo Zeeb, Wolfgang Ahrens, Ulrike Haug, Hermann Pohlabeln
In this questionnaire survey 1,779 persons with confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2 reported symptoms they experienced at the time of infection and at the time of an interview at least three months later. The focus of our analysis was the investigation of associations between symptoms present at the time of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the likely presence of a post-COVID-19 condition, defined here as the presence of at least two of the three leading symptoms fatigue, breathing difficulties, and cognitive problems at the time of the interview. Persons reporting breathing difficulties at the time of infection had a four times higher odds of developing post-COVID-19 condition as compared to persons without this symptom. For cognitive symptoms, fatigue or head- & bone aches the odds were two to three times higher as compared to those without these symptoms. Females were more likely to report long-term symptoms consistent with a post-COVID-19 condition. The odds of developing post-COVID-19 substantially increased with the number of symptoms reported at infection. No respondent without symptoms at the time of infection reported any symptoms at the time of infection.
Effect of wearing different types of face masks during dynamic and isometric resistance training on intraocular pressure
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2023
Jesús Vera, Beatriz Redondo, George-Alex Koulieris, Raimundo Jiménez, Amador García-Ramos
As previously stated, face masks, as well as other strategies such as vaccination, social distancing, avoiding enclosed spaces and hand hygiene, are an important preventive strategy for SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission.3 However, the effects of wearing face masks during physical exercise on IOP have not been thoroughly investigated, which is problematic due to the importance of maintaining low and stable IOP values for the prevention and management of glaucoma. From the current study, it can be concluded that the use of FFP2 masks causes a heightened IOP rise in response to both dynamic and isometric biceps-curl exercise, but the IOP changes induced by surgical masks are almost insignificant. Based on these findings, surgical masks should be prioritised over FFP2 masks, when possible, during the execution of resistance training exercises against heavy loads in subjects who need to minimise IOP peaks.
Effect of Androgen–Androgen Receptor Directed Therapy on COVID-19 Outcome in Prostate Cancer Patients
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2023
Serhan Ünlü, Junghee Jenny Shin, Jennefer Par-Young, Michael Simonov, Joseph Vinetz, Daniel P. Petrylak, Insoo Kang, Joseph W. Kim
SARS-CoV-2 virus is the pathogen responsible for COVID-19 infection. Since the beginning of the pandemic, the world has been traumatized by lethality of infection even in otherwise healthy individuals. Discovery of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and identification of the key viral factors for infection, namely Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Transmembrane Protease Serine 2 (TMPRSS2), have opened the floodgate for investigations to target these factors to improve the outcome of these patients (1,2). SARS-CoV-2 requires two key host cell proteins for viral entry into host cells, ACE2, to which the S protein on the viral surface binds to allow viral particles to access the cellular cytoplasm, and TMPRSS2, which cleaves the viral S protein to allow the fusion of virus and host cell membrane, priming the infection. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are co-expressed in type 2 pneumocytes, terminal ileum, and the nasal goblet cells (3). This co-expression pattern is consistent with clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection.