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Morphology, Pathogenesis, Genome Organization, and Replication of Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Sadia Javed, Bahzad Ahmad Farhan, Maria Shabbir, Areeba Tahseen, Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Marius Moga
SARS is a pandemic disease that emerge in the early 21 century in 2002 in the middle-east and has the death rate of 8% and is because of a new SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) [68, 69]. The viral packing of viral positive-sense RNA is the main process in the organization of SARS-CoV and other types of CoVs. When Coronavirus is exposed to a Host cell Viral spike protein bind with specialized receptors on the host cells and fuse with the host cell to insert Viral genome and Nucleocapsid protein and these viral RNA and N-protein work together that interfere with the cellular machinery of the Host cell [70]. It is determined that COVID-19 Viral RNA and N-protein binds with the cellular DNA in vitro and block functionality of DNA for its own cell and modify cellular DNA to work for viral genome. This interaction of RNA and N-protein have the role in pathogenesis of virus [71].
Infectious Disease
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Susanna J. Dunachie, Hanif Esmail, Ruth Corrigan, Maria Dudareva
SARS-CoV-2 is thought to be chiefly by person-to-person spread via respiratory droplets released when an infectious person talks, coughs or sneezes, but a significant role of airborne transmission is increasingly acknowledged..
Modes of Transmission of Coronavirus
Published in Ram Shringar Raw, Vishal Jain, Sanjoy Das, Meenakshi Sharma, Pandemic Detection and Analysis Through Smart Computing Technologies, 2022
Mohd. Faiz Saifi, Colin E. Evans, Neha Gupta
Both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 have zoonotic origins having fast human-to-human transmission. Like cold and flu, SARS is also transmitted from an infected person by coughing and sneezing through droplet transmission or via stool. As per the recent reports SARS-CoV-2, have been detected in the stool of infected person which gives the evidence of gastrointestinal infection and it also suggests that this virus is transmitted to human by contaminated food or feces-oral route. Many researchers believed that this virus is transmitted to the person upon prolonged exposure to viruses; it may be because of droplets by the infected person like sneezing, and coughing [61].
Attitude towards Covid-19 Vaccine: A Cross-Sectional Urban and Rural Community Survey in Punjab, Pakistan
Published in Hospital Topics, 2023
Iqra Mushtaque, Muhammad Riaz Dasti, Misbah Mushtaq, Ahmad Ali
According to the World Health Organization, viral infections are on the increase and pose a significant public health risk (Cascella et al. 2020). A new viral infection has emerged at the end of 2019, known as corona virus; severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) (Dhama et al. 2020; Rodriguez-Morales et al. 2020). Corona viruses are members of the Coronaviridae family, which infect a wide range of hosts, causing symptoms and infections ranging from the common cold to extreme illnesses like covid-19 (Zhu et al. 2020). Corona viruses that have recently emerged pose a potential threat to global public health. The current covid-19 outbreak is the third such outbreak in humans in the last two decades (Munster et al. 2020). The corona virus can cause various symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic or mild symptoms to severe or fatal illness (Esakandari et al. 2020). SARS-CoV-2 is a virus that causes covid-19 that differs from other corona viruses that cause minor diseases in humans, such as the common cold (Baloch et al. 2020). Compared to non-extreme cases of covid-19, severe cases were more likely to have more comorbidities, the most common of which were diabetes, hypertension, and thyroid disorders (Alqahtani et al. 2020).
Longevity of hand sanitisers on fingers
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2023
Parthasarathi Kalaiselvan, Muhammad Yasir, Ajay Kumar Vijay, Mark DP Willcox, Shyam Tummanapalli
During the COVID-19 pandemic non-government organisations and government agencies have advocated for the frequent use of hand washing or hand sanitising as a way to minimise the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. SARS-CoV-2 can survive on human skin explants for up to eight hours, considerably longer than the survival of influenza virus, but an alcohol-containing skin wash can inactivate both viruses within fifteen seconds.5 A review and meta-analysis of clinical trials of the effectiveness of hand sanitisers compared to the use of soap and water found a significant reduction in acute respiratory infections when using hand sanitisers.6 During the COVID-19 pandemic the use of hand sanitisers by the general public has increased, with a report from South Korea showing a six times increase in the use of hand sanitisers and a 10 times increase in carrying hand sanitisers.7
Potential neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a narrative review
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2022
Joseph V. Pergolizzi, Robert B. Raffa, Giustino Varrassi, Peter Magnusson, Jo Ann LeQuang, Antonella Paladini, Robert Taylor, Charles Wollmuth, Frank Breve, Maninder Chopra, Rohit Nalamasu, Paul J. Christo
Neuromuscular symptoms associated with SARS have also been reported. A 51-year-old woman in Taiwan developed probable SARS shortly after her husband was diagnosed [44]. She was hospitalized and intubated and had no evidence of respiratory syncytial virus; however, a bone-marrow biopsy showed evidence of infection-related hemophagocytic syndrome. Her condition gradually improved and she was extubated, but she complained of weakness, numbness, and paresthesia in her legs. Ten days after extubation, a neurological examination showed good mental clarity with intact cranial nerves, but symmetric loss of muscle strength in her legs and mild weakness in the hands. These conditions improved slowly and two months later, a neurological examination reported only mild loss of leg strength and slight numbness in the toes of her right foot [44].