China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Marine-Derived Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Thomas G. Guilliams, Jørn Dyerberg
Fish oil oxidation is measured using two methods. The first measures oxidized fatty acids directly as a peroxide value (PV or POV). Since these peroxides are transient and can form secondary oxidized molecules, such as aldehydes, a second test is used to detect these oxidized compounds: the anisidine (or p-anisidine) test. By adding the anisidine value to twice the peroxide value (AV+2PV), we get the TOTOX value, which allows for evaluating an oil’s rancidity.97 To control the oxidation of the oil raw material and finished product, most manufacturers add a variety of antioxidants. The most popular are vitamin E, vitamin A, flavonoids, and rosemary or other spice extracts; synthetic antioxidants are rarely used. Most commercially available products contain one or more of these antioxidants, at very low doses, in the finished product. Manufacturers of liquid-filled bottles or softgel capsules also utilize nitrogen (to purge available oxygen), low light and cold temperatures in the manufacturing process to reduce oxidation and extend shelf life. Products that have passed their expiration date should be thrown away, as oxidized fish oil can act as a pro-oxidant and limit the benefits realized if consumed.98,99
Nail care and nail cosmetics
Published in Archana Singal, Shekhar Neema, Piyush Kumar, Nail Disorders, 2019
There are two types of gel: hard gel and soft gel. Hard gel gets its name because, once cured, it is tough enough to be made into a nail extension. Soft gel refers to the gel products that are too soft to create a nail extension. This includes gel polishes and thicker gels meant for gel-overlay services. Gel polishes are used for the increasingly popular gel polish manicures.
Dry-Fill Formulation and Filling Technology
Published in Larry L. Augsburger, Stephen W. Hoag, Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, 2017
Pavan Heda, Vikas Agarwal, Shailesh K. Singh
Hard and soft gelatin capsules were patented more than a century ago. They are classified as either “hard” or “soft” depending on the nature of the shell. Soft gelatin capsules (sometimes referred to as “softgels”) are made from a more flexible, plasticized gelatin film than hard gelatin capsules.
A practical approach to the management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2022
Costanzo Moretti, Natalia Lazzarin, Elena Vaquero, Alessandro Dal Lago, Luisa Campagnolo, Herbert Valensise
The laboratory evaluation of thyroid function of hypothyroid treated women during pregnancy may be influenced by several factors, including different gastrointestinal function. LT4 tablets must be strictly taken whit empty stomach, since substances, such as coffee and different drugs, can significantly reduce its absorption [23]. LT4 is an amphipathic molecule, containing a lipophilic aromatic ring, a hydrophilic side chain, and three ionizable halves, with two acidic and one basic. It is actively absorbed through transporters, like MCT8 and MCT10, expressed on the membrane of the cells of the stomach and small intestine. Some gastro-intestinal disorders, such as celiac disease, lactose intolerance, the gastric parietal cell autoantibodies (APCA) or Helicobacter Pylori infections, may determine an inappropriate absorption of LT4 [24]. Variations in the intestinal miocrobiota or dysbiosis may be responsible for alterations in its absorption [25]. Different drugs can influence FT4 absorption such as proton pump inhibitors and ciprofloxacin [26,27]. Other formulations, such as soft gel capsules and liquid preparations, have become available [28]. The most common liquid LT4 preparation is a small 20 ml bottle containing 100 µg/ml of T4 containing 3.57 µg of T4 in each drop (Table 1).
Management of postmenopausal vulvovaginal atrophy: recommendations of the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2021
Faustino R. Pérez-López, Nancy Phillips, Pedro Vieira-Baptista, Bina Cohen-Sacher, Susana C. A. V. Fialho, Colleen K. Stockdale
A Cochrane systematic review evaluated randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing vaginal estrogens versus placebo for more than 12 weeks for the management of VVA [9]. The authors concluded that there were no substantial differences regarding the effects of the different options. However, endometrial thickness was increased in women who received estrogen cream, compared to those who used rings – probably due to the higher dose exposure in the former. There were no differences in this aspect between tablets or cream users. A double-blind RCT in postmenopausal women with VVA showed that at 12 weeks, the VMI and pH significantly and similarly improved in women treated with estriol 0.2 and 0.03 mg, when compared to placebo. Adverse events were rare and similar in all three groups [17]. Liu et al. [18] analyzed the use of two doses of estradiol softgel (4 and 10 µg) which were shown to rapidly dissolve, be effective, and have minimal systemic absorption.
Effects of Hemp Extract on Markers of Wellness, Stress Resilience, Recovery and Clinical Biomarkers of Safety in Overweight, But Otherwise Healthy Subjects
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2020
Hector L. Lopez, Kyle R. Cesareo, Betsy Raub, A. William Kedia, Jennifer E. Sandrock, Chad M. Kerksick, Tim N. Ziegenfuss
As mentioned previously, all participants were matched according to sex and body mass index prior to being randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to one of two supplementation groups: placebo (olive oil) or hemp oil extract. Participants were randomized and assigned to ingest either hemp oil extract or an olive oil placebo. Both groups were subsequently instructed to ingest one soft gel each day with breakfast for six weeks. Each soft gel delivered 60 mg/day of CBD-containing CO2 supercritical extract of aerial parts of hemp oil extract (PlusCBDTM Extra Strength Hemp Extract) which delivered 15 mg of hemp-derived CBD. The investigational product has been designated as an independent GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) conclusion CBD-containing hemp oil extract, per the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) Final GRAS Rule guidelines (https://www.fda.gov/food/generally-recognized-safe-gras/about-gras-notification-program). All study materials were prepared following current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) according to Code of Federal Regulations of US Food and Drug Administration Title 21 CFR part 111 in blinded gel caps and packaged in coded generic containers for double-blind administration. Compliance to the supplementation regimen was monitored by daily logs, communication with study participants at each study visit, and counting all returned soft gels at each subsequent study visit. Certificate of analysis for multiple lots of production are available online (www.pluscbdoil.com).