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Biomaterials
Published in Manoj Ramachandran, Tom Nunn, Basic Orthopaedic Sciences, 2018
Subhamoy Chatterjee, John Stammers, Gordon Blunn
Drawbacks to bone cement include: Large exothermic reaction where, particularly in thick layers of cement, thermal necrosis can occur, disrupting the cement bone interface.Unpolymerized monomer entering the blood supply producing fat embolism.Differences in stiffness of the implant, the cement and bone make it susceptible to fracture, generating cement particles that can induce an inflammatory response.Radio-opacifier and antibiotics reduce the mechanical properties.Antibiotics must be heat stable.
Non-Gelatin-Based Capsules
Published in Larry L. Augsburger, Stephen W. Hoag, Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, 2017
HPMC capsules are available in the same sizes as gelatin capsules and have the same dimensional specifications. Colorants can be added to the polymer solution to manufacture mono- and bichromatic capsules in a wide range of colors. After manufacturing of the empty capsules, they can be printed in the same way as gelatin capsules to provide product differentiation and branding. The visual appearance of the HPMC capsules depends on the shell composition and manufacturing process. Capsules manufactured by thermo-gelation have a smooth, glossy surface and the transparency of a gelatin capsule. When gelling systems are used, the shells have a rough surface that also affects the transparency of an opacifier free shell composition. The typical shell wall thickness of two-piece capsules is in the range of 100–110 μm, with HPMC capsules being toward the lower end of the range and gelatin capsules at the higher end (Ku et al. 2010).
Extemporaneous printing of diclofenac orodispersible films for pediatrics
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Garba M. Khalid, Umberto M. Musazzi, Francesca Selmin, Silvia Franzè, Paola Minghetti, Francesco Cilurzo
The present study investigated the feasibility to print ODF loaded with diclofenac sodium (DNa) which is a well-known thermosensitive and bitter drug. The possibility to tune the ODF surface in the attempt to prepare age-appropriate dosage form for pediatric patients was also studied. Indeed, diclofenac is frequently prescribed for pediatrics in special medical needs [13], but no liquid formulations (i.e. syrup or suspension) are commercially available due to its instability. Based on previous work, taste-masking agents (i.e. mint, licorice-mint, and sucralose or a combination thereof) [7], and an opacifier (titanium dioxide, TiO2), were also added to the formulation and their effects on ODF properties were assessed in terms of disintegration time, in vitro dissolution profile, tensile properties, and peel test. The solid state of the model drug was determined by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis . Moreover, to evaluate the robustness of this approached, a stability study in accelerated conditions was carried out over six months.
Process, optimization, and characterization of budesonide-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2018
Gurpreet Kaur Sinhmar, Neel N. Shah, Nimitt V. Chokshi, Hiren N. Khatri, Mayur M. Patel
BDS-NLCs-loaded pellets were enteric coated by employing a pan coating technique. Briefly, 5% w/v Eudragit® S100 solution was prepared using isopropyl alcohol and acetone (30:70) as organic solvent. Triethyl citrate (20% w/w, based on dry polymer weight), talc (50% w/w, based on dry polymer weight), and titanium dioxide (0.5% w/v), were used as plasticizer, anti-adherent, and opacifier, respectively. The pan coating procedure was carried out by spraying the coating solution on a prewarmed pellet bed (30 °C). The pellets were coated and dried using inlet air (temperature 35–40 °C) at 45 rpm. The process of coating was performed till the desired coating level (% weight gain) was achieved. At the end of each stage of coating, the pellets were cured in the coating pan for 15 min and then in a tray drier at 40 °C for 24 h. The percentage coating level of the pellets after coating was assumed to be indicative of the coat thickness [19,33–38].
The era of biofunctional biomaterials in orthopedics: what does the future hold?
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2018
Mubashar Rehman, Asadullah Madni, Thomas J. Webster
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is mainly known as a bone cement although it works as a grouting agent. It acts as a space-filler that creates a tight space and holds the implant against the bone resulting in excellent fixation. It is a self-polymerizing cement which is prepared right before use by mixing prepolymerized PMMA, MMA monomers, an opacifier and an initiator. Polymerization occurs spontaneously and the cement hardens to set it in place [35]. Medical grade silicone has been used for the replacement of small joints, such as matacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints. Silicone materials are available in room temperature vulcanizing pastes and high temperature vulcanizing semisolid materials [36]. The self-reinforced polymeric materials have been prepared by controlling the arrangement of one or more polymer fibers. Self-reinforced polymeric materials have shown improved mechanical properties and have been used in the manufacturing of bone plates and screws [37]. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) consists of an aromatic backbone molecular chain, interconnected by ketone and ether functional groups. PEEK is biocompatible thermosetting plastic and it is a widely used implanted material due to resistance to biological degradation and desirable mechanical properties [38,39]. PEEK can be conjugated with different materials with an aim to impart desirable physical and biological properties which makes them an intriguing member of the biomaterials’ family.