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Statistical Approaches in the Development of Digital Therapeutics
Published in Oleksandr Sverdlov, Joris van Dam, Digital Therapeutics, 2023
Oleksandr Sverdlov, Yevgen Ryeznik, Sergei Leonov, Valerii Fedorov
An important class of DTx products comes from bioelectronics, which uses medical devices to modulate individual cell behavior for the desired treatment effect. For instance, remote nonpainful electrical stimulation on the upper arm skin can activate inhibitory pain centers and reduce migraine pain (Yarnitsky et al., 2017). A wireless, wearable battery-operated stimulation unit, controlled with a smartphone app has been shown technically reliable, safe, and efficacious in a series of clinical trials of acute migraine, with a potential to be the first line of treatment for some patients (Rapoport et al., 2020). While the active ingredient of non-invasive neuromodulation is different from drug exposure, it purports to provide a direct treatment effect via careful application to the human body.
Biogenic Synthesis of Nanoparticulate Materials for Antiviral Applications
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Kah Hon Leong, Jit Jang Ng, Lan Ching Sim, Pichiah Saravanan, Chaomeng Dai, Bo Tan
Nanotechnology is nothing new to virus research. Previously, it was applied in the virus-detection technology that produced many promising discoveries, such as the fabrication of various biosensors and bioelectronics (Chen et al. 2012). Also, various nanomaterials have shown excellent efficacy; for instance, it’s been effective to develop virions and viruses like particles as templates for improving biocompatibility (Luo et al. 2018). The unique advantages of the nano-sized particles enable nanomaterials to achieve a positive outcome in combating viruses. Nanoparticles often refer to the invisible particulate material with a range between 1–100 nm in size that plays a significant role in modern science application (Song et al. 2021). This material is principally used as a potential viral and antiviral agent. This is mainly due to the advanced nanotechnology approach of using nano-sized materials in attacking the virus or bacteria. Nanoparticles proved to overwhelm the cell entry and viral imitation through their surface-binding sites effect that enables the relations with the target molecules concurrently incapacitating the viruses (Li et al. 2021). Hence, this chapter discusses various types of nanoparticle synthesis methods and their characterization for antiviral application.
Overcoming Chronic and Degenerative Diseases with Energy Medicine 1
Published in Aruna Bakhru, Nutrition and Integrative Medicine, 2018
One of the author's key conceptual breakthroughs was the structure and functioning of the living matrix (see Figure 27.23). Rarely cited research of Albert Szent-Györgyi and his colleagues led to consideration of a bioelectronic role for this system, which extends throughout the entire organism, even into the nucleus of every cell. Confirmation of aspects of this concept has come from recent research on the important role of Earthing or grounding in stabilizing every physiological process we have measured.11 The suggestion that the acupuncture meridian system/living matrix/ground regulation systems deliver antioxidant electrons to sites of inflammation is the most parsimonious explanation for the rapidity with which Earthing resolves chronic inflammation (Figure 27.8b). Perhaps chronic disease results when the semiconducting and biophotonic matrices of the body are not functioning properly, and the biochemical circuits are not stabilized by being grounded.
The latest advances in high content screening in microfluidic devices
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2023
Weiyu Liu, Jingyu Wang, Huibo Qi, Qisen Jiao, Lei Wu, Yu Wang, Qionglin Liang
The brain-on-a-chip (BOC) platform represents a groundbreaking advancement in the realm of neuroscience and pharmaceutical research [135]. By mimicking the intricate neural networks of the human brain through the integration of microfluidics and bioelectronics, the BOC model facilitates high-content screening of potential drug candidates and therapeutic interventions for neurological disorders [136]. To date, BOC has successfully established various disease models, including Alzheimer’s [137] and Parkinson’s [138], thereby offering a superior platform for high-content screening. Nonetheless, certain challenges remain unaddressed in the early stages of BOC development, such as devising methodologies for guiding the in vitro differentiation of healthy and mature neurons. Furthermore, the efficiency of numerous brain organ chips remains suboptimal, leading to inconsistent analysis outcomes. Consequently, future research should focus on refining the BOC platform to enhance its reliability and effectiveness in the context of neuroscience and drug discovery.
The electronic tongue: an advanced taste-sensing multichannel sensory tool with global selectivity for application in the pharmaceutical and food industry
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2023
They are devices that produce a measurable signal proportional to the concentration of the target analyte, usually incorporating a biological sensing element and measuring signals derived from biological interactions (Figure 3(F)). Due to their advantageous properties, they have found use in electronic tongue systems used in science, the food industry, and agriculture (Podrażka et al. 2017). Although there are a few examples employing, for instance, microbial sensors or protein receptors, the majority of bioelectronic tongues use enzyme biosensors, which are mostly based on potentiometric or voltammetric/amperometric transduction. Tønning et al. (2005) use the bioelectronic tongue to characterize the type of wastewater using an array of different amperometric biosensors and Gutes et al. (2005) performed the multivariate analysis of a mixture of phenolic compounds from the voltammetric response of a tyrosinase enzyme biosensor. As previously stated, the concept behind the Bioelectronic tongue is to employ biosensors in a multiplex manner, with each biosensor identifying one analyte or a specific collection of analytes, and then using advanced computational algorithms to obtain an accurate characterization of the sample (Del Valle 2017).
Numerical analysis and animal study of noninvasive handheld electroporation delivery device for skin superficial lesion treatment
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2022
Xuyao Gao, Yuchi Zhang, Xuan Han, Zhuoqun Li, Bowen Chen, Qingshan Li, Liangshuo Hu, Yi Lv, Fenggang Ren
The needle-shaped electrodes array is the most common type used in bioelectronic treatment [22]. The needle-shaped electrodes are easy for fabrication, disinfection, and operation. Its most important advantage is that the depth of treatment can be simply controlled by adjusting the length of exposed electrode in tissue [23]. However, puncturing the tissue is inevitable, and increasing the electrode length may cause bleeding, infection, and even tumor spread. The plate-type electrode is another common type of electrode configuration used in EBT, and has enough surface area that can form a uniform electric field distribution [24]. Therefore, it is the ideal option for EBT, because the electric field distribution is exactly the same in every area between the electrodes. However, plate-type electrodes are not suitable for biomedical application in humans due to the lack of suitable approach for operation. The tweezer-style electrode, which is a special type of plate-type electrode, can be used for thin tissue or in small animals only [25]. In this study, a noninvasive electrode configuration was created by placing two plate-type electrodes in the same plane, lowering chances of mechanical injury. The discoid electric field distribution of the electrode configuration is large enough for skin superficial lesions. The noninvasive handhold EPDD can achieve effective EI in the target area without mechanical injury, thus it is feasible for EBT in skin treatment.