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Global health indicators and data
Published in Sridhar Venkatapuram, Alex Broadbent, The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Public Health, 2023
All forms of knowledge are partial and emergent. Health indicators and data are signs abstracted from complex realities, and have far-reaching system effects; but as this chapter has attempted to show, they can also be made open to contest. All communicative signs should be understood as abstractions. One indicator, or one text, cannot capture the prismatic and complex contexts in which ill-health flourishes, or do the complex work needed to inform or function as a sophisticated decision-making or accountability tool.
Benin
Published in Ebby Elahi, World Compendium of Healthcare Facilities and Nonprofit Organizations, 2021
Life expectancy continues to rise, nearing 62 years of age. Despite some improvements in health indicators, the health challenges that contribute most to death and disability in the country are communicable and non-communicable diseases. Significant causes of death include malaria, neonatal disorders, lower respiratory infections, diarrheal disease, stroke, ischemic heart disease, congenital defects, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and measles. Stroke, ischemic heart disease, and measles have significantly increased in recent years. Of note, trauma from road injuries is a major cause of disability.
Family medicine in lower- and upper-middle income countries*
Published in Michael Kidd, Cynthia Haq, Jan De Maeseneer, Jeffrey Markuns, Hernan Montenegro, Waris Qidwai, Igor Svab, Wim Van Lerberghe, Tiago Villanueva, Charles Boelen, Cynthia Haq, Vincent Hunt, Marc Rivo, Edward Shahady, Margaret Chan, The Contribution of Family Medicine to Improving Health Systems, 2020
Michael Kidd, Cynthia Haq, Jan De Maeseneer, Jeffrey Markuns, Hernan Montenegro, Waris Qidwai, Igor Svab, Wim Van Lerberghe, Tiago Villanueva, Charles Boelen, Cynthia Haq, Vincent Hunt, Marc Rivo, Edward Shahady, Margaret Chan
Strengthening health systems in the countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region is based on and guided by the values and principles of primary health care, with the adoption of family practice as the approach for the delivery of essential health services. The establishment of the model is at a relatively early stage of development. In most countries the complete family practice model does not exist and in many only a few components are being implemented. Successful examples can be found throughout the region, with family health programs contributing to great improvements of health indicators. In Jordan, the United Nations Relief and Work Agency for Palestinian Refugees (UNRWA) succeeded in establishing a community-based family care program that is comprehensive in nature. In Iran, the foundation of the Primary Health Care Network System is the family practice team; the network is built around health houses responsible for a clearly defined population, a network of community health workers and a simple yet effective health information system. In Egypt, the Family Health Model was adopted as an integral part of health sector reform.
Operationalization, measurement, and health indicators of sedentary behavior in individuals with cerebral palsy: a scoping review
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Julia (Shi-Peng) Xiong, Sarah E. Reedman, Michelle E. Kho, Brian W. Timmons, Olaf Verschuren, Jan Willem Gorter
The relationship between SB and 14 health indicators, detailed in Supplementary Materials 3, were reported. The health indicators were selected from literature by two reviewers (JX, JWG) using two criteria, to cover both the physical and psychological aspects of health: (i) high prevalence in individuals with CP and/or (ii) obtained through expert consensus [17]. The cardiometabolic disease risk factors resulted from discussions by 10 experts who work with individuals with CP [17]. Depression and anxiety are the two most common mental illnesses in the general population and have a 2–3-fold greater likelihood of occurring in adults with CP [18], and have a high prevalence in children with CP [19]. Moderate to severe pain occurs in more than 50% of individuals with CP [20,21]. Fatigue has been identified by rehabilitation physicians, along with pain, as one of the most important CP-related impairments in adulthood that could interfere with activities of daily life [22].
How has the health of college students changed in the last 50 years?
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2020
Clearly, the number of college students has increased substantially in the last fifty years, and college students have become a more diverse population, now predominantly female with larger numbers of students from a variety of racial and ethnic backgrounds. While it is relatively easy to “count heads”, collecting information on the health status of a population over a number of decades is more difficult. In the remainder of this editorial, I am reporting the data that I could find. A more rigorous approach to each of these health categories would be ideal, but that will have to wait for a better day. While there are any number of health indicators that could be chosen, I started with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)’s Adolescent Health indicators7 and added a few categories that are important in college health.
Development of Cardiometabolic Health indicators to advance the quality of spinal cord injury rehabilitation: SCI-High Project
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2019
Matheus J. Wiest, Christopher West, David Ditor, Julio C. Furlan, Masae Miyatani, Farnoosh Farahani, S. Mohammad Alavinia, Paul I. Oh, Mark T. Bayley, B. Catharine Craven
There are some potential limitations of the Cardiometabolic Health indicators, such as glucose control, questionnaire terminology, physical exercise recall, knowledge retention regarding appropriate physical exercise, and patient level of injury. The indicators are focused on tracing lipid profiles during rehabilitation and in the community, excluding other important markers related to glucose metabolism. The choice for lipid profiles relates to the fact that treatment of diabetes in SCI/D is not different from normal population and there are well established Canadian treatment guidelines. Complex questionnaire terminology may reduce completion rates in patients with reduced cognitive ability or English fluency. Self-reported physical activity is problematic in the SCI population and the proposed final outcome indicator will not be immune to this limitation.47,48 Although physical exercise recall can be problematic, it was shown to be feasible when using recall periods of 7 days49 or less.50 Knowledge retention regarding the guidelines for physical exercise in the SCI population were noted as potentially problematic during the Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles. However, most patients that participated in the piloting were outpatients with varying duration of injury post-rehabilitation discharge. We anticipate that knowledge retention rates will be higher prior to rehabilitation discharge, up to 18 months post-discharge. Lastly, individuals with motor compete lesions above C6 will be excluded from the indicator data collection cohort, limiting the generalizability of our results.