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Real-World Evidence Generation
Published in Kelly H. Zou, Lobna A. Salem, Amrit Ray, Real-World Evidence in a Patient-Centric Digital Era, 2023
Joseph S. Imperato, Joseph P. Cook, Diana Morgenstern, Kim Gilchrist, Tarek A. Hassan, Jorge Saenz, Danute Ducinskiene
Population health is truly established in partnership between the public and healthcare practice communities, data scientists and academic partners who together evaluate epidemiology, make real world observations and record public health disease and its outcomes. This combination of scientific and data analytic approaches to large and subset groups can come closest to simulating the real-world experience and describing the current health state of the population. Harnessing the ‘ying and yang’ of observational studies and big data sources, such as electronic health records, is the current evolution which will inform population health. Knowing where the population health is in the moment will better inform the next hypotheses and clinical studies to bring improvements in health outcomes.
Exploring the Scope of Policy Issues Influencing IoT Health and Big Data: A Structured Review
Published in Adarsh Garg, D. P. Goyal, Global Healthcare Disasters, 2023
Over the years, digital tools have emerged as integral components of health systems. More recently, health communities have acknowledged the potential of emergent digital health technologies—notably the Internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence, and big data analytics—to transform healthcare (Laplante and Laplante, 2016; Raghupathi and Raghupathi, 2014; Wahl et al., 2018). By tapping the potential of health data sets, novel technologies improve individual and population health outcomes (Vayena et al., 2018). In particular, big data technologies are being used to, among other applications, automate the analysis of medical images (Esteva et al., 2017), support clinical decisions (Liu et al., 2014), introduce learning health systems (Beane et al., 2019), model the trajectory of disease outbreaks (Al-qaness et al., 2021), and drive health policy (Mählmann et al., 2017).
Fair Equality of Opportunity in Healthcare 1
Published in Rui Nunes, Healthcare as a Universal Human Right, 2022
Achieving equity in access to social goods implies a systematic reduction of disparities between individual citizens and different social groups. One of the main factors leading to the overall improvement in population health lies both in the reduction of cultural, economic, and social disparities between the best and the worst-off citizens and in the quality of health services. As a political and ideological option, the concept of equity can have different social and economic implications: a) equity in the resource allocation; b) equity in the provision of healthcare; and c) equity in the payment of healthcare.
The necessary evolution of diabetes fellowships in the United States
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2021
Amber Healy, Jay Shubrook, Howard Feinberg, Sumera Ahmed
Better trained healthcare providers for diabetes treatment could save the U.S. healthcare system money over time. In addition, population health can be significantly improved. Diabetic nephropathy can lead to end-stage renal disease. Estimates for dialysis are 90,000 USD per year per patient [8]. Retinopathy from diabetes is a leading cause of blindness in the U.S. in adults ages 20–74 [9]. Medicare costs alone are 3.5 USD billion per year just on anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drugs for retinopathy, which are used in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy [10]. Peripheral neuropathy treatments including, foot ulcer management with and without cellulitis and osteomyelitis and amputation cost 4.6–13.7 USD billion per year [11]. Better glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c less than 7.0%) has been shown to decrease the development of these complications [12,13]. Fewer complications translate to better patient outcomes and cost savings to the system.
Measurement properties of instruments assessing psoriatic arthritis symptoms for psoriasis clinical trials: a systematic literature review
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2020
Lourdes M. Perez-Chada, Deepak Balak, Jeffrey M. Cohen, Alexis Ogdie, Joseph F. Merola, Alice B. Gottlieb
Candidate instruments to measure pain, patient global assessment of psoriatic arthritis and physical function were extracted from a literature review and this exercise was described elsewhere [8]. Briefly, instruments with the following characteristics were excluded from an initial list of 72 PsA instruments (i) spondylitis/skin/nail-specific instruments, (ii) generic measures of population health, (iii) instruments not specific to the (sub)domains of PsA Symptoms, (iv) instruments with floor effect or poor feasibility aspects, (v) instruments that required trained professionals to conduct a physical examination. In all, five instruments were selected for evaluation of measurement properties including the Patient Global Assessment for Joints (PGA-arthritis), the Patient Global Assessment for Psoriatic Arthritis (PGA-Psoriatic Arthritis), the Routine Assessment Patient Index 3 (RAPID3), the Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease 9 (PsAID9), and the PsAID12 [8]. Herein, we report on the measurement properties of these five patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for the domain of ‘PsA symptoms.’
Social determinants of health: the how, who, and where screenings are occurring; a systematic review
Published in Social Work in Health Care, 2019
This structured, exploratory review of the literature provides evidence that screening tools for various social determinants of health exist and have been used in a variety of contexts across diverse populations. Given that chronic exposure to social factors such as poverty, food insecurity, exposure to trauma, housing instability, and decreased social support have profound effects on one’s physical and mental well-being, continued research to further the development and use of screening efforts for social determinants of health is needed. Lastly, screening for and addressing social determinants of health can be made possible in health care settings through the use of social work expertise in roles other than case management, including clinical work with patients, staff-training, resource development, and administrative planning for the development of clinical pathways for screening and care. Such opportunities are substantiated by health care reform in an effort to improve population health and achieve health equity by addressing the social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health (Heiman & Artiga, 2015).