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Phytosomes: Preparations, Characterization, and Future Uses
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Palakdeep Kaur, Uttam Kumar Mandal
In line with NDDS of synthetic drugs, many innovative formulation approaches have been researched for herbal drugs to overcome or engineer their inherent poor biopharmaceutical properties, phytosome is one of them. Phytosomes contain water-soluble bioactive phytoconstituents of herbs bounded and surrounded by phospholipids. They are little cell like structures. The word phytosomes is composed of a combination of two words, ‘phyto’ and ‘somes,’ where ‘phyto’ means plants and ‘somes’ means cell-like (Pk and Wahile, 2006). Indena developed a patented method to incorporate standardized plant material extract into lipid vesicles to increase its absorption and named them as phytosomes (Sharma and Roy, 2010).
Phytosomes as Novel Carriers of Herbal Extracts
Published in Madhu Gupta, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Vikas Sharma, Nagendra Singh Chauhan, Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Phytoconstituents, 2020
Sevgi Güngör, Özlem Akbal-Dağıstan, Evren Algın Yapar, Murat Kartal, Yıldız Özsoy
Pyhto-nanosystems are considered as enhanced forms of plant originated extracts or their constituents that are better absorbed and more stabilized compared to conventional herbal dosage forms. The term phytosome is a type of a novel formulation, which has a patented production process that the individual active constituents of a plant extract are bound to phosphatidylcholine, which is one of the main components of the cell membranes and an emulsifying agent derived from soy showing a little cell-like structure (Matias et al., 2017).
Selected Botanicals and Plant Products That Lower Blood Glucose (Continued)
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Type 2 Diabetes, 2018
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
A phytosome is a complex of natural active ingredient and a phospholipid—mostly lecithin. It is claimed that a phytosome formulation increases absorption of conventional herbal extracts or isolated active principles, both topically and orally. Phytosomes are said to enhance the bioavailability of milk thistle supplements and are commercially available.
Optimization and development of antidiabetic phytosomes by the Box–Behnken design
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2018
Most of the phytochemicals specially phenolic acid and flavonoids are water soluble and so the major problem for low bioavailability is the inability to cross the lipid membranes of intestine. The bioavailability can be improved with the use of different novel drug delivery systems such as liposomes, marinosomes, niosomes, ethosomes, phytosomes and nano-bioenhancers (Rathee et al., 2016) which can increase the rate of release as well as the capacity to cross the lipid biomembranes (Manach et al., 2004). Phospholipids based drug delivery systems have been found much hopeful and promising for the effective and efficacious herbal drug delivery. Phytosomes are advanced forms of herbal products that are better absorbed, utilized, and as a result produce better results than the conventional herbal extracts. Phytosome is a newly introduced patented technology developed to incorporate standardized plant extracts or water soluble phytoconstituents into phospholipids to produce lipid compatible molecular complexes having more bioavailability as compared to conventional herbal extracts owing to their enhanced capacity to cross the lipoidal bio-membrane and finally reaching the systemic circulation. Hence, phytosome has been an emerging trend in delivery of herbal drugs and nutraceuticals and has been applied to many popular herbal extracts including Ginkgo biloba, grape seed, hawthorn, milk thistle (Murray, 2008), green tea and ginseng.
Electroformation of liposomes and phytosomes using copper electrode
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2021
Himadri Gourav Behuria, Bijesh Kumar Biswal, Santosh Kumar Sahu
Traditional methods of phytosome preparation are (i) solvent evaporation, (ii) co-solvent lyophilization, and (iii) anti-solvent precipitation (Li et al. 2008, He et al. 2010, Shan et al. 2012). These methods are cumberosome, time-consuming, and produce poly-dispersed phytosomes. Further, these methods require large quantity of lipids and phytochemicals (Lu et al. 2019). Phytosomes produced by previous methods are 50–100 nm in diameter (Mazumder et al. 2016). Our method of phytosome preparation is easy, inexpensive, and did not require sophisticated instrumentation. In addition, this method required lower amount of lipids and phytochemicals. The present electroformation protocol used as less as 0.1 mg egg-PC and 0.05 mg CEDG for phytosome preparation that could be used for analytical purpose. The CEDG fraction used for phytosome preparation produced single spot on TLC plate. However, it might contain multiple phytochemicals of similar hydrophobicity (Figure 4(A)). In contrast to nano-sized phytosomes formed by most of the previous methods, the electroformation method produced phytosomes of 1–1.5 µm diameter (Figure 4(B)). These large-sized phytosomes are superior in their ability to carry drugs, as they exhibit larger lumen as well as larger membrane area for encapsulation of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. In contrast to liposomes, those are formed by hydrophobic interaction between lipid molecules, phytosomes are formed due to hydrogen bonding between the polar heads and the polar functionalities of the active ingredient (Pu et al. 2016). However, the fatty acyl chains of PLs wrap around the phytochemicals in a lipophilic environment (Semalty et al. 2010).
Anthocran® Phytosome®: Prevention of Recurring Urinary Infections and Symptoms after Catheterization
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2023
Roberto Cotellese, Andrea Ledda, Gianni Belcaro, Maria R. Cesarone, Claudia Scipione, Valeria Scipione, Mark Dugall, Beatrice Feragalli, Antonella Riva, Pietro Allegrini, Giovanna Petrangolini, Stefano Togni
There were no significant adverse events associated with Anthocran® Phytosome® as no side effects were reported by the subjects to the clinicians. In addition, the biochemical and clinical parameters were the same at baseline and at the end of the supplementation and none of the subjects enrolled in the registry dropped out during the study.