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Anti-Hyperglycemic Property Of Medicinal Plants
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Karanpreet Singh Bhatia, Arpita Roy, Navneeta Bhardavaj
Silybum marianum, with a common name milk thistle is a fellow of Astera-ceae family. It is natively from coast of South England has been widely introduced to other parts like North America, Iran, New Zealand and Australia. Milk Thistle got its name because of milky sap released when its leaves are squeezed. Silimarin (flavanoligans), a dried mixture of compounds which consists of silibins (A, B), isosilibins (A, B), taxifolin, silichristin A, silidianin, and other compounds in lesser concentrations, is present in Milk Thistle (Shojaii et al., 2011). Silibin has been shown to act as anti-hyperglycemic and anti-obesitic in SY5Y neuroblastoma cells (acting as an inhibitor of aldose reductase), in dihydroxyacetone perfused rats (by decreasing DHA gluconeogenesis and glucolysis) and recently Isosilibin A was identified as the first PPARγ flavonoglycan agonist (Guigas et al., 2007; Pferschy-Wenzig et al., 2014).
The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Cardiovascular Disease
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
To Reduce High Levels of Beta-Glucuronidase: Decrease meat intake and increase insoluble fiber.Take probiotics.Consider Silybum marianum for liver support.Take calcium-D-glucarate.
Improved Silymarin Characteristics for Clinical Applications by Novel Drug Delivery Systems
Published in Madhu Gupta, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Vikas Sharma, Nagendra Singh Chauhan, Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Phytoconstituents, 2020
Maryam Tabarzad, Fatemeh Ghorbani-Bidkorbeh, Tahereh Hosseinabadi
Silybum marianum (milk thistle) is a biennial plant that belongs to the Compositae (Asteraceae) family, indigenous to the Mediterranean region of Europe, which is the richest source of silymarin. The seeds produce 1.5%–3% of flavonolignans, which is collectively referred to as silymarin. Commercial extracts usually comprise approximately 80% flavonolignans. In traditional medicine of Europe, the most widely used plant is milk thistle. The fruits of this plant are used to treat various types of liver diseases and several other illnesses (Dewick, 2002). It is an old medicinal herb which has been consumed for centuries in treating various conditions such as hepatic and gallbladder diseases, liver protection against snake and insect stings, alcohol abuse, and poisoning with mushroom (Karimi et al., 2011). Other parts of the milk thistle plant, such as the sprouts and stems, also contain silymarin, but the seeds are the most concentrated part.
Protective effect of dendropanoxide against cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity via anti-inflammatory activities in Sprague-Dawley rats
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2023
Sreevarsha Gali, Swati Sharma, Amit Kundu, Eunah Lee, Joo Hee Han, Joo Kyung Shin, Ji Soo Choi, So Young Kyung, Jae-Sung Kim, Hyung Sik Kim
Although many researchers have investigated various pharmacological activities of DM, the exact properties of DM and its extracts in the treatment of toxicities remain unexplored. On the other hand, silymarin is a standardized extract of Silybum marianum, commercially used to treat various hepatic diseases due to its free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties. Its also modulates pathways associated with inflammation. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of DPx in cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity, using silymarin as a reference standard. The study showed the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect of DPx against hepatotoxicity induced by CdCl2. In the present study, we exhibited that this mitigating activity of DPx was similar to that of silymarin. Therefore, DPx may use as a protective agent against cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity.
Prevention of colistin induced nephrotoxicity: a review of preclinical and clinical data
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Fatemeh Jafari, Sepideh Elyasi
Colisitin, a valuable polymixin antibiotic against MDR gram negative bacteria, use is limited due to its nephrotoxicity. It can result in acute kidney damage particularly in renal proximal tubules which is manifested by Scr and urea rise and also some novel renal damage markers like NAG, NGAL, cystatin C and KIM-1, based on available studies. Various mechanisms are proposed for this adverse reaction that stress oxidative, apoptosis and inflammation are the most reported mechanisms. It accumulates in renal tubules and increases cell wall permeability and lysis. Various compounds are used in in vivo studies for prevention of colistin induced renal injury. Most of them have exerted their effects by having antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. NAC, as an antioxidant agent is evaluated in animal and two retrospective human studies and controversial findings were obtained. Human studies on NAC, did not show promising finding and even in one study its use resulted in prolongation of patients’ hospitalization, higher mortality rate and also slightly higher Scr doubling rate. The same controversial result was found about Silybum marianum’s flavonolignans in animal studies. So, it seems that before definite offer of these compounds for the prevention of colistin- induced nephrotoxicity lots of well-designed human studies we suitable sample size are necessary.
Green and chemically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles: effects on in-vitro seedlings and callus cultures of Silybum marianum and evaluation of their antimicrobial and anticancer potential
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2021
Faryal Saeed, Muhammad Younas, Hina Fazal, Sadaf Mushtaq, Faiz ur Rahman, Muzamil Shah, Sumaira Anjum, Nisar Ahmad, Mohammad Ali, Christophe Hano, Bilal Haider Abbasi
Silybum marianum (Milk thistle) is an annual herb belonging to Asteraceae which is considered as the world’s largest flowering plant family [9]. Milk thistle is native to the Mediterranean region but now widespread throughout the globe [10,11]. This crop has lately become more significant in North America, Japan, Australia, Sub-Saharan Africa, parts of Europe, and also found in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab provinces in Pakistan [12,13]. Silymarin is the principal component of S. marianum which comprise several flavonolignans like silybin (A and B), silychristine, isosilybin (A and B) and silydianin [14]. The medicinal use of S. marianum has a comprehensive antiquity [15]. Disorders of the spleen, liver and gallbladder have been treated by using the extracts from its leaves and flowers [16]. Similarly, the seeds are used to treat different ailments including haemorrhage, peritonitis, gallstones, jaundice, bronchitis and varicose veins [17]. The increasing global demand for silymarin is threatening the inadequate population of this species, however, a commercially invaluable plant like S. marianum have been overlooked for its metabolite enhancement and cultivation [18].