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Inflammatory Biomarkers: An Important Tool for Herbal Drug Discovery
Published in Mahfoozur Rahman, Sarwar Beg, Mazin A. Zamzami, Hani Choudhry, Aftab Ahmad, Khalid S. Alharbi, Biomarkers as Targeted Herbal Drug Discovery, 2022
Mahfoozur Rahman, Ankit Sahoo, Mohammad Atif, Sarwar Beg
Milk thistle may have anti-inflammatory characteristics that may be helpful to people with diabetes. People have been using thistle as atonie for the liver and many different ailments since ancient times. Silymarin is a compound that has been given the greatest attention by scientists with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These are the properties which can make milk thistle a useful herb for diabetes patients. Many of the silymarin studies are promising but, according to one review published in 2016, the research is not strong enough to recommend the herb or extract alone for diabetes. No side effect report appears and as a supplement, many people take milk thistle. However, it is best to talk to a doctor first before using any supplement.
Nutraceutical Intervention for Treatment of Alcoholism and Drinking Problems
Published in Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements, 2020
Milk thistle is one of the best known herbal remedy for liver protection and is frequently used to treat liver complications. Milk thistle is inherent to the Mediterranean region and is now found all over the biosphere. This doughty thistle typically develops in arid, sunny parts. The spiky stalks branch at the top and reach an elevation of 4–10 ft. The leaves are wide, with white spots or veins. Milk thistle is so-called as it produces the milky white fluid that exudes out from their leaves when they are crushed. The florae are reddish purple. The small, hard-skinned drupe is brown, dotted, and glossy. Milk thistle spreads rapidly, that is why it is considered as a weed in some parts of the world, and it ripens quickly, in less than a year.
Weed pollen allergens
Published in Richard F. Lockey, Dennis K. Ledford, Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy, 2020
Michael Hauser, Gabriele Gadermaier, Sabrina Wildner, Lisa Pointner, Michael Wallner, Fatima Ferreira
Sal k 1, the major allergen from Russian thistle, is a member of the pectin methylesterase family and thus part of the polysaccharide family. The polymorphic and slightly basic allergen has a molecular weight of 37 kDa and may be a marker allergen for genuine sensitization to Salsola [19]. About 67% of patients sensitized to Salsola kali recognized Sal k 1 when using a natural preparation [20]. Recently, the production of recombinant Sal k 1 was also shown as a further potential candidate for clinical diagnosis [21]. Additionally, an IgE-reactive polygalacturonase was identified and termed Sal k 6. The molecule shares IgE epitopes with Oleaceae members with IgE-inhibition values ranging from 20% to 60% [22]. A study was published using Sal k 1 expressed in Lactococcus lactis in a sublingual immunotherapy approach showing downregulation of the TH2 immune response in allergic mice [23]. In general, allergic reactions to Russian thistle can be frequent among individuals living in dry areas.
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis diagnosis and treatment from the perspective of patients and primary care physicians: a cross-sectional survey
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Karl Nadolsky, Donna R. Cryer, Amy Articolo, Travis Fisher, Jennifer Schneider, Mary Rinella
Healthcare professionals rarely referred patients to PCPs for NASH treatment (only 24 of 226 reported doing so), and when they did, the primary reasons for doing so were patients struggling with lifestyle modifications (58%), patients struggling with weight loss (46%), and patients needing treatment of comorbidities (42%). For ongoing management of NASH, PCPs most frequently prescribed lifestyle changes focused on exercise, lifestyle changes focused on diet, and/or metformin (Figure 4). Patients reported that they were primarily currently using lifestyle changes focused on exercise, limiting alcohol, lifestyle changes focused on diet, and supplements like vitamin E or milk thistle; patients reported lower use of prescription type 2 diabetes medications, prescription weight loss medications, and obeticholic acid (Figure 4).
Interactive effects of zinc oxide nano particles and different light regimes on growth and silymarin biosynthesis in callus cultures of Silybum marianum L.
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2021
Muhammad aamir Shehzad, Mubarak Ali Khan, Amir Ali, Sher Mohammad, Ahmed Noureldeen, Hadeer Darwish, Asif Ali, Ayaz Ahmad, Tariq Khan, Raham Sher Khan
Silybum marianum, also called milk thistle, cardus marianus, blessed thistle, is a vital medicinal plant that belongs to the family Asteraceae [10]. It is an annual or biennial plant initially found in the Mediterranean region but is now found in many parts throughout the world. The phytochemical profile depicts the presence of a variety of bio-actives in S. maranum. The principal component is called silymarin which is a mixture of six isomeric flavonolignans including silydianin, silychristin, di-stereoisomers of silybin (silybin A & B), and di-stereoisomers of isosilybin (isosilybin A & B) [11]. Silymarin is a potent medicine clinically prescribed for the treatment of hepatic disorders. It also has promising anti-carcinogenic effects, such as inhibition of human prostate cancer, breast cancer, cervical and skin cancer [12]. It can help to protect human hepatic tissues by scavenging the free radicals and neutralizing the influence of oxidative damage [13]. Silymarin extract has also been proposed to be more effective for the treatment of the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), thalassaemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disorder (NAFLD), diseases [14]. Recent studies have emphasized on the potential use of silymarin as an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agent by inhibiting the NF-B pathway [15]. It has also been employed as an alternative source of medicine for the treatment of metabolic syndrome disease in humans and animals [16].
Silibinin Differentially Decreases the Aggressive Cancer Phenotype in an In Vitro Model of Obesity and Prostate Cancer
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2020
Blaine Sherman, Ana M. Hernandez, Mariam Alhado, Lindsey Menge, Ramona S. Price
The milk thistle (Silybum marianum) derived compound, silibinin has been researched for its anti-cancer properties (24,25). Although, silibinin has poor bioavailability and solubility, a short half-life leading to a transient blood concentration, various formulations of silibinin are being developed to promote the half-life, bioavailability and efficacy of silibinin (26,27). Silibinin is the major bioactive component of silymarin, an extract from milk thistle fruits, has antioxidant properties and can modulate a variety of signaling pathways relevant for prostate cancer (28). For example, several studies have shown that silibinin can suppress growth factor induced activation of pSTAT3, Akt/PI3K axis, and MAPK signaling in prostate cancer cell (29,30). Studies have shown that silibinin can induce cell cycle arrest, inhibit proliferation, inhibit androgen receptor signaling, decrease epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and decrease angiogenesis (30–33). The anti-inflammatory properties of silibinin may be able to reverse the obesity-induced inflammation that leads to an aggressive phenotype in prostate cancer cells. We hypothesize that silibinin will reduce the progression of prostate cancer by decreased invasive potential, decreased ROS activity, and interference with proliferative signaling pathways that lead to an aggressive phenotype.