China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Prostate Cancer
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
Karl H. Pang, James W.F. Catto
Urine PCA3mRNA (Chm 9)PCA3:PSA mRNA score
Prostate Cancer
Published in Manit Arya, Taimur T. Shah, Jas S. Kalsi, Herman S. Fernando, Iqbal S. Shergill, Asif Muneer, Hashim U. Ahmed, MCQs for the FRCS(Urol) and Postgraduate Urology Examinations, 2020
Which of the following information on molecular markers in prostate cancer is CORRECT?PCA3, a non-coding RNA, is under expressed in prostate cancer.Ki-67 antigen is detected by immunohistochemical staining and correlates with outcome after radical prostatectomy.Kallikrein 3 level is reduced in metastatic prostate cancer.High molecular weight cytokeratin binds to prostate cancer cells confirming the diagnosis of cancer over HGPIN.PSA doubling time is a useful tool that outperforms total PSA in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Current Active Surveillance Protocol for Prostate Cancer
Published in Ayman El-Baz, Gyan Pareek, Jasjit S. Suri, Prostate Cancer Imaging, 2018
Scott Greenberg, Jennifer Yates
PCA3 is a non-coding mRNA that is overexpressed 10- to 100-fold in prostate cancers compared to non-neoplastic prostate tissue. Expression is even higher in more poorly differentiated tumors (Filella et al. 2013). To obtain PCA3 for measurement in the urine, an examiner performs prostate massage through DRE. The first-catch urine (20–30 mL) is then collected and analyzed for PCA3 mRNA level and, as a control, PSA mRNA level. In 2012, the FDA approved PCA3 testing to risk-stratify patients with a prior negative biopsy to determine need for repeat biopsy (Syed et al. 2017). In 2017, a study from Johns Hopkins evaluating the PCA3 results from the men on their AS program found that the 11% of men who underwent Gleason grade reclassification (Gleason score >6) had higher first PCA3 score (p = 0.007) and subsequent PCA3 scores (p = 0.002) (Tosoian et al. 2017). Interestingly, longitudinal changes (increase or decrease PCA3 score in the same patient) did not affect a patient’s risk of Gleason reclassification. In their multivariable model, the initial PCA3 score remained significantly associated with Gleason grade reclassification leading the authors to conclude that PCA3 provides additional prognostic information in patients undergoing or interested in AS (Tosoian et al. 2017).
Liquid biopsy in prostate cancer: current status and future challenges of clinical application
Published in The Aging Male, 2021
Yaqiong Wang, Zili Wang, Xiaokun Gang, Guixia Wang
PC antigen 3 (PCA3), a noncoding RNA, is overexpressed in 95% of primary and metastatic tumors in PC [88]; PCA3 detection in urine samples improves the diagnostic performance in PC [88]. However, the relationship between PCA3 levels and PC aggressiveness is controversial [89,90]. TMPRSS2-ERG, a PC-specific fusion gene derived from chromosomal 21 rearrangement, accounts for approximately 50% of PCs [91]. The urinary test for TMPRSS2-ERG and PCA3 transcripts contributes to the detection of aggressive PC with a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 33%, avoiding 33% supererogatory biopsies (subjects without PC or with GS of ≤ 6). These results indicate that the use of liquid biopsy is of great value both for detecting aggressive PC and for reducing overdiagnosis of indolent PC [91].
An overview of current and emerging diagnostic, staging and prognostic markers for prostate cancer
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2020
Stephan Brönimann, Benjamin Pradere, Pierre Karakiewicz, Mohammad Abufaraj, Alberto Briganti, Shahrokh F. Shariat
PCA3, discovered in 1999, is a prostate-specific, non-coding microRNA biomarker detectable in urine obtained after three strokes of prostatic massage. Prostate cancer shows a 66-fold up-regulation of PCA3 when compared to benign prostate tissue, which can be detected by quantitative RT-PCR assay [29]. The accuracy for PCA3 combined with established clinical risk factors for the detection of predicting any PCa was 80.7% and 82.9% for high-grade PCa [30]. Being independent of prostate volume and serum PSA level, the PCA3 score itself increases with tumor volume. Moreover, patients with extra-capsular extension had a significantly higher median PCA3 score (48.8 vs 18.7, p = 0.02). When using a cutoff of 47, Whitman et al. found a sensitivity of 57%, a specificity of 94%, positive and negative predictive values of 80% and 84%, respectively [31]. Some studies have suggested that it could also predict the ISUP grade [32,33]. According to a meta-analysis among 1009 men conducted by van Poppel et al., median and mean PCA3 scores are statistically significantly lower in men with indolent PCa compared to men with csPCa, both, on radical prostatectomy or in positive biopsy specimens [34].
Non-coding RNAs as biomarkers in liquid biopsies with a special emphasis on extracellular vesicles in urological malignancies
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2020
Philip Zeuschner, Johannes Linxweiler, Kerstin Junker
PCA3 is a lncRNA detectable at higher levels in the post-DRE urine of PCa patients compared to healthy controls and represents the most widely studied lncRNA-based biomarker in PCa [160]. Its primary intention is to aid clinicians in the decision of whether or not performing a repeat biopsy in patients with a negative first prostate biopsy and persistent suspicion of PCa. After the first description of PCA3 in 1999 [161] and a number of subsequent validation studies [162–170], the PCA3-based PROGENSA test was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2012. In Europe, the PROGENSA test received a CE-mark and can be offered to patients before the prostate biopsy to aid clinical decision-making. However, a recent review came to the conclusion that the PCA3 test is limited concerning both its clinical usefulness and its cost-effectiveness [171] and – at least in our experience – it is only very rarely done in daily clinical practice. Another drawback of the PROGENSA test is the necessity of performing digital-rectal prostate massage before retrieving urine for testing. Of note, PCA3 has in the meantime been included in various biomarker combinations (for example, with ERG expression) [172–176], which could lead to a substantially improved diagnostic performance.