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Trichomonas
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Trichomonas vaginalis is easily transmitted during vaginal intercourse. The organism will survive for several hours in moist environment outside the host and is rarely transmitted non-venerally. The transmission rate from male to female during vaginal intercourse has been reported to be 66–100% [6]. Vertical transmission to a female infant occurs in 2–17% if vaginal infection is present at the time of delivery [7].
Paper 1
Published in Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman, nMRCGP Applied Knowledge Test Study Guide, 2021
Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman
A recommended treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis infection is: Metronidazole 400mg tds for 10 daysAmoxicillin 500mg tds for 5 daysMetronidazole 400mg bd for 5 daysCiprofloxacin 500mg po statAzithromycin 1g po stat
DRCOG MCQs for Circuit B Answers
Published in Una F. Coales, DRCOG: Practice MCQs and OSCEs: How to Pass First Time three Complete MCQ Practice Exams (180 MCQs) Three Complete OSCE Practice Papers (60 Questions) Detailed Answers and Tips, 2020
Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted disease and is readily diagnosed under the microscope in a drop of saline. T. vaginalis is a flagellated protozoon and may infect the vagina, cervix, urethra and Bartholin's glands. It causes a frothy yellow-green purulent vaginal discharge. It is amenable to a 5-day course of metronidazole therapy.
Inhibition of the β-carbonic anhydrase from the protozoan pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis with sulphonamides
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2021
Linda J. Urbański, Andrea Angeli, Vesa P. Hytönen, Anna Di Fiore, Giuseppina De Simone, Seppo Parkkila, Claudiu T. Supuran
Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite responsible for trichomoniasis, one of the most frequent non-viral sexually transmitted diseases in humans1,2. Treatment of this disease remains almost exclusively based on just one class of drugs, 5-nitroimidazoles (with two available agents, metronidazole and tinidazole), and resistance to these agents is on the rise worldwide3,4. Trichomoniasis may cause a variety of symptoms, from mild to severe, but a large fraction (10–50%) of infected women show no symptoms, and 5–15% of cases may remain undetectable upon examination1,2. Furthermore, the majority of infected men are totally asymptomatic, making the diagnosis of this disease particularly challenging1,2. T. vaginalis infection may facilitate or worsen other critical pathologies, such as HIV-infection5 or even prostate cancer6. As a consequence, research on novel drug targets for fighting trichomoniasis has seen an increased interest7–11.
Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Risk Behaviors from the NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial
Published in International Journal of Sexual Health, 2010
David D. Celentano, Kenneth H. Mayer, Willo Pequegnat, Nadia Abdala, Annette M. Green, H. Hunter Handsfield, Tyler D. Hartwell
All participants were asked to provide blood and urine specimens at each assessment visit, and females additionally were asked for vaginal swab specimens. Testing in a study-certified local laboratory was performed to assess HIV, Herpes simplex virus-type 2 (HSV-2), syphilis, gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and Trichomonas (women only). HIV testing of blood specimens were performed using HIV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) repeated at least once and followed by a Western blot confirmatory test if positive. HSV-2 testing of blood specimens was performed using Herpeselect 2 enzyme immunoassay (MRL Focus Technologies, Los Angeles, CA). When results were unclear (e.g., indeterminate, seroreverted), the samples were retested using the Kalon ELISA (Kalon Biological Ltd., Guilford, UK). Syphilis testing was performed by rapid plasma reagin and confirmed using the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination test. Vaginal swabs were cultured for Trichomonas vaginalis using the InPouch TV 20 test kit (Biomed, San Jose, CA). Urine samples from men and vaginal swabs from women were tested for Chlamydia and gonorrhea DNA using Amplicor CT/NG polymerase chain reaction (Roche, Branchburg, NJ; NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial Group, 2007c).
Long-term consequences of sexually transmitted infections on men’s sexual function: A systematic review
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2021
Trichomonas vaginalis is an anaerobic protozoal parasite that with an estimated 248 million new infections was regarded by the WHO as the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in 1999 [69]. In men, trichomoniasis can cause urethritis, which is symptomatic in only ~30% of the cases. However, if the infection is ascending, it can also cause prostatitis or epididymitis [70]. While in women, the infection is frequently linked with pregnancy complications [71], an in vitro study by Tuttle et al. [72] showed a dramatic decrease in sperm motility as direct effect of the pathogen on sperm. A study by Gopalkrishnan et al. [73] not only indicated a significant decrease in sperm motility, but also in viability and normal sperm morphology. Although the impact of a trichomonal infection on male fertility potential is still controversially discussed, Ozdemir et al. [74] indicate that it should be considered for the aetiology of male factor infertility. In a case study, Lucena et al. [75] reported the assisted reproduction of a couple with a T. vaginalis-positive asthenozoospermic semen sample. Fertilisation with capacitated sperm in in vitro fertilisation was achieved, but implantation failed, possibly due to the asymptomatic female. Considering this undeniable risk of male consequences of trichomonal infections, Mielczarek and Blaszkowska [27] reported that point-of-care tests have been developed in the female, but not evaluated in the male. In addition, apart from the pregnancy complications, trichomoniasis in the man may lead to long-term problems such as infertility or even prostate cancer, for which an association has been shown [76].