China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Bacterial vaginosis
Published in Shiv Shanker Pareek, The Pictorial Atlas of Common Genito-Urinary Medicine, 2018
Antibiotics are the standard treatment for bacterial vaginosis: Metronidazole 400 mg orally two times per day for five to seven days (alcohol should be avoided) or alternatively metronidazole 2 g orally, single dose.Metronidazole 0.75% gel – applied intravaginally once daily for five days.Clindamycin 300 mg orally two times per day for seven days.Clindamycin 2% cream – applied intravaginally once daily for seven days.Tinidazole 2 g orally, single dose (alcohol should be avoided).
Tropical infections and infestations
Published in Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie, Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 2018
Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie
Medical treatment is very effective and should be the first choice in the elective situation, with surgery being reserved for complications. Metronidazole and tinidazole are the effective drugs. After treatment with metronidazole and tinida- zole, diloxanide furoate, which is not effective against hepatic infestation, is used for 10 days to destroy any intestinal amoebae.
Tinidazole
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Fiona Doukas, Eunice Liu, Thomas Gottlieb
Tinidazole, 1-[2-(ethylsulfonyl)ethyl]-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole, is a nitroimidazole drug similar to metronidazole (see Chapter 99, Metronidazole). It was synthesized in 1969 and it has an in vitro activity profile similar to that of metronidazole, including efficacy against Trichomonas vaginalis (Miller et al., 1969; Howes et al., 1970). Tinidazole is useful for the treatment of protozoal parasitic infections (Giardia lamblia [G. intestinalis], Entamoeba histolytica) and against anaerobic bacterial infections.
Iatrogenic factors of Helicobacter pylori eradication failure: lessons from the frontline
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2023
Jinliang Xie, Dingwei Liu, Jianxiang Peng, Shuang Wu, Dongsheng Liu, Yong Xie
Patients used nitroimidazoles mainly included metronidazole, tinidazole and ornidazole. Quinolones mainly include levofloxacin, antofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. We evaluated whether the dose of bismuth, antibiotics, and PPI was appropriate or not according to the ‘Fifth Chinese national consensus report on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection’ [9]. Standard doses of various drugs are defined as follows: amoxicillin 1000 mg twice a day (b.i.d), clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d, metronidazole 400 mg thrice a day (t.i.d) or four times a day (q.i.d), tetracycline 500 mg t.i.d or q.i.d, furazolidone 100 mg b.i.d, levofloxacin 500 mg q.d or 200 mg b.i.d, esomeprazole 20 mg b.i.d, omeprazole 20 mg b.i.d, lansoprazole 30 mg b.i.d, pantoprazole 40 mg b.i.d, ilaprazole 5 mg b.i.d, and bismuth potassium citrate 220 mg b.i.d.
A pragmatic stepwise approach to the diagnosis and management of refractory acute pouchitis
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2021
Zaid S. Ardalan, Miles P. Sparrow
Once the diagnosis of idiopathic acute pouchitis is confirmed, if a patient has failed one 2-week course of antibiotics such as metronidazole (15–20 mg/kg/day), they should be treated with a 2-week course of another antibiotic such as ciprofloxacin (500 mg twice daily) [6]. Ciprofloxacin appears to be more effective than metronidazole and with fewer adverse effects [6]. Tinidazole (500 mg twice daily) can be used as an alternative in those failing ciprofloxacin and is considered one of the most potent antibiotics for acute pouchitis. Rifaximin 500 mg twice daily is also effective, but due to its cost and low side effect profile, it is best reserved for chronic antibiotic-dependent pouchitis (CADP) requiring ongoing antibiotics [7]. Patients failing the above, should be offered longer courses of two antibiotics combined [8]. Combination therapy of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole for 4 weeks achieved clinical remission in 82% of patients in one study [9], and combination of ciprofloxacin and tinidazole achieved clinical remission in 88% of patients in another study [10]. Those intolerant to metronidazole or tinidazole can be treated with a 2–4 week course of ciprofloxacin and rifaximin, which achieved clinical response or remission in 87% of patients in an open-label study [11].
Controlled delivery of the antiprotozoal agent (tinidazole) from intravaginal polymer matrices for treatment of the sexually transmitted infection, trichomoniasis
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2019
Hevanshi Vidhushika Fernando, Li Li Chan, Nhung Dang, Diviya Santhanes, Hasini Banneheke, Sivalingam Nalliah, Allan G. A. Coombes
The current treatment options for trichomoniasis include a 500 mg oral dose of metronidazole, administered twice daily for 7 days or a single 2 g oral dose (Cudmore et al. 2004). Concerns with metronidazole treatment relate to increasing drug-resistance, the failure to eradicate infection with two consecutive courses and development of allergic reactions (Das et al. 2005). Tinidazole, a second-generation nitroimidazole and structural analogue of metronidazole, is administered orally in the form of single (2g) dose as an alternative treatment. Tinidazole exhibits an elimination half-life twice that of metronidazole (12–14 h vs. 6–7h) resulting in higher and more persistent serum concentrations at equivalent dosage. The prodrug is converted in vivo to the cytotoxic form following diffusion into cells and reduction to cytotoxic radical intermediates by ferredoxin-mediated electron transport. The radicals bind to DNA and the resulting damage (loss of helical structure, impaired template function and strand breakage) eventually leads to cell death (Nord and Kager 1983; Gardner and Hill 2001).