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Parasites and Conservation Biology
Published in Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin, Parasitology, 2023
Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin
Consideration of some specific examples is instructive, in part for showing how the methodology for documenting the effects of genetic diversity on parasitism is changing. First consider the example provided by the isolated island population of Soay sheep Ovis aries that we also discussed in Chapter 6. These sheep suffer from the stomach nematode Teladorsagia circumcincta (previously known as Ostertagia circumcincta). It was found that relatively inbred individuals, as assessed by microsatellite profiles, are more susceptible to infection, and when heavily infected are more likely to die in harsh winter months (Figure 8.10). This study also showed that by selectively killing more homozygous individuals in a population, parasites can promote and maintain the genetic diversity of their hosts. The role of parasites as drivers of diversity is discussed further in a later section.
Parasites and Conservation Biology
Published in Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin, Parasitology, 2015
Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin
Consider too an example provided by the isolated island population of Soay sheep Ovis aries that we also discussed in Chapter 6. These sheep suffer from the stomach nematode Teladorsagia circumcincta (previously known as Ostertagia circumcincta). Relatively inbred individuals, as assessed by micro-satellite profiles, are more susceptible to infection, and when heavily infected are more likely to die in harsh winter months (Figure 8.8). This study also showed that by selectively killing more homozygous individuals in a population, parasites can promote and maintain genetic diversity of their hosts. The role of parasites as drivers of diversity is discussed further in a later section.
Characterization of Trichuris muris secreted proteins and extracellular vesicles provides new insights into host–parasite communication
Published in Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, 2018
Ramon M. Eichenberger, Md Hasanuzzaman Talukder, Matthew A. Field, Phurpa Wangchuk, Paul Giacomin, Alex Loukas, Javier Sotillo
Only recently, different authors have shown the importance of helminth-secreted EVs in host–parasite interactions. The secretion of small EVs was demonstrated in various intracellular and extracellular parasites, interacting with their hosts in a specific manner [17]. In addition, the secretion of EVs has been demonstrated thus far only in a small number of nematodes, including the free-living C. elegans, the filarial nematodes Brugia malayi and Dirofilaria immitis, the rodent nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus and the ovine and porcine intestinal nematodes Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichuris suis, respectively [20,50–53].
Exploration of extracellular vesicles from Ascaris suum provides evidence of parasite–host cross talk
Published in Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, 2019
Eline P. Hansen, Bastian Fromm, Sidsel D. Andersen, Antonio Marcilla, Kasper L. Andersen, Anne Borup, Andrew R. Williams, Aaron R. Jex, Robin B. Gasser, Neil D. Young, Ross S. Hall, Allan Stensballe, Vladimir Ovchinnikov, Yan Yan, Merete Fredholm, Stig M. Thamsborg, Peter Nejsum
We did not identify tetraspanins in the A. suum EVs, which is in contrast to EVs released by trematodes, where several members of the tetraspanin family have been described [50,51]. However, an absence of tetraspanins has also been shown for Brugia malayi [52] and Teladorsagia circumcincta [53], whereas for N. brasiliensis [54], H. polygyrus [26] and T. muris [39,55], one or two tetraspanins has been reported. The absence or low abundance of tetraspanins in EVs from parasitic nematodes compared to trematodes has been suggested to be related to differences in EV release [39].