China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Lice
Published in Jerome Goddard, Public Health Entomology, 2022
Management of head lice infestations requires three general steps: (1) delousing infested individuals, with retreatment as necessary; (2) removing nits from the hair as thoroughly as possible; and (3) delousing personal items (clothes, hats, combs, pillows, etc.). An important principle of head lice management is to treat all infested members of a family concurrently. If an infested school-age child is the only family member treated, he or she may be quickly reinfested by a sibling or parent who is also unknowingly infested. Individuals with head lice should be treated with one of the approved pediculicidal shampoos or cream rinses. Finally, efforts should be made to delouse personal belongings of infested individuals. Washable clothing, hats, bedding, and other personal items should be washed properly and dried in a clothes dryer for at least 20 to 30 minutes.
Candida and parasitic infection: Helminths, trichomoniasis, lice, scabies, and malaria
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Pediculosis capitis is quite common with the estimated 6- to 12-million infestations per year in the United States alone, mostly in school-aged children. Head lice are usually transmitted via head to head contact with an infected individual, but may be transmitted via fomites such as hats, towels, combs, or bed linens recently used by an infected person. The high prevalence among school children is thought to be due to frequent contact through sports or play as well as the sharing of combs and hair brushes. Infestation with head lice is not related to the level of hygiene. Clinical manifestations of infection are typically itching of the scalp due to hypersensitivity to the louse bites. Itching may not occur until 4 to 6 weeks after the first infection due to the time required to develop an allergic reaction. Although adult lice move from person to person, head lice are not known to transmit other diseases (53).
Hair and hairy scalp
Published in Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard, Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology, 2021
Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard
Lice are wingless insects which pierce the skin to feed on human blood. The head louse is about 3 mm long. The female lays 7–10 eggs each day during a life span of 1 month. The eggs are firmly attached to the base of the hair, and hatch in about a week. Head lice are spread by direct contact from head to head, mainly in children. It has nothing to do with poor hygiene. Lice are not transmitted by combs, hats or hair brushes. Infestation is extremely common and usually asymptomatic. If there are large numbers of lice, itching may be intolerable and result in secondary bacterial infection (impetigo and pustules). Enlarged posterior cervical glands should always make you think of head lice. The diagnosis is made by finding the nits (egg cases), which are white, opalescent oval capsules, firmly attached to hairs (Fig. 3.46), easily distinguished from the scale of seborrhoeic eczema (dandruff) which comes off easily (Fig. 3.47).
Assessing Undergraduate Student Nurses’ Performance in Various Public Health Roles Using Simulation
Published in Journal of Community Health Nursing, 2021
Evan McEwing, Regine Placide-Reaves, Yui Matsuda, Susan Prather, Ruth Everett-Thomas
As a school health nurse, students were able to identify a recurrent case of head lice and provide the child’s mother with vital information for treatment. Students in the school nurse role also arranged a doctor’s appointment but did not sufficiently address preventing the contagion in the home. However, students recognized that the child could not return to school until the condition was resolved. These students realized the child had special needs related to an intellectual disability but made no attempt to address this issue with the parent. The mother’s physical health declined due to an advanced stage of multiple sclerosis which left her confined to a wheelchair. Students did not recommend any social assistance or supportive resources. When faculty addressed important skills related to the school nurse role during the debriefing session, students in the school nurse role reported that one course in public health nursing may not be sufficient to adequately train or expose nurses to handle social problems outside of the hospital setting. While school nurses support students’ health through interventions and care provided in the school setting, these nurses must also address students’ physical, mental, emotional, and social health needs (Shaw-Flach & Hoy, 2016). Hence, nurses in this role must be adequately educated and trained to take care of children with intellectual disability, behavioral issues, chronic illness, learning disabilities, and other common conditions (Shaw-Flach & Hoy, 2016).
Infectious diseases among Ethiopian immigrants in Israel: a descriptive literature review
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2021
Yulia Treister-Goltzman, Ali Alhoashle, Roni Peleg
Several cases of skin Leishmaniasis [4] and one case of severe, treatment-resistant visceral Leishmaniasis in an EI HIV patient was reported [70]. The positivity rate for Toxoplasma antibodies’ among EI from Operation Solomon (1991) was 34%. This rate was significant compared to native Israeli Jews (about 23%) and significantly lower than Arabs from the same geographical region (about 56%). The seroconversion rate was high in the age period of fertility (20–39 years) at 1% per year, which indicates a need for toxoplasma screening in pregnant women in this ethnic population [71]. Similarly, there was a very high rate of ectoparasites among EI at about 65% who suffered from head lice, with the highest rate among 6–11-year-old children, about 39% had body lice, about 10% had scabies mite, and about 4% had human flea [72].
EEG Electrode-induced Skin Injury among Adult Patients Undergoing Ambulatory EEG Monitoring
Published in The Neurodiagnostic Journal, 2019
Sumika Ouchida, Armin Nikpour, Greg Fairbrother, Maricar Senturias
All patients were eligible for inclusion in the study if they were older than 16 years of age and had been referred for AEEG monitoring between two to five days. Patients were excluded if they had skin irritation/inflammation or head lice on their scalp. Patients were also excluded if they were allergic to collodion glue, confused or agitated or unable to tolerate AEEG monitoring. Two groups of participants formed naturally following recruitment: i) patients who attended the clinic daily for five days (December 2017 to April 2018); ii) patients who attended the clinic every other day for five days (May to October 2018). This change in AEEG monitoring time for research participants (from 24 to 48 hours) occurred in response to clinic resource demands.